Biotechnology

Question 1

Genetic engineering:

Answer 1

Adding, deleting or transplanting genes from one organism to another, to after the organisms in useful ways.
Ex.
Human have been modifying organisms for a Long time

Question 2

Selective Breeding:

Answer 2

Breeding lines of organisms to encourage development of desirable characteristics.

Question 3

Recombinant DNA:

Answer 3

A DNA molecule that contains information from more than one organism( can be same or different species)

Question 4

Transgenic Organism:

Answer 4

One that is genetically engineered to carry one or more foreign genes( from an unrelated organism)*Different species.
Technically definition of a (GMO) Genetically Modified Organism.

Question 5

Bioremediation:

Answer 5

Use of organisms to return an altered an environment to its original state.
Ex.
Genetically modified bacteria have been used to clean up oil spills

Question 6

In what organisms was CRISPR discovered?

Answer 6

Discovered in bacteria during the 70’s in the ocean.

Just wanted to see what happens when viruses and bacteria fights.

Question 7

For what do bacteria use CRISPR?

Answer 7

For survival

Question 8

What does CAS9 do to a bacterial DNA to protect the bacteria from viruses?

Answer 8

2 functions:
1. Store a sample of a viruses DNA in a library.
2. Scans for foreign DNA and cuts it out
Ex.
CAS9= Hunter/Killer
Seek and Destroy/.

Question 9

How many genetic diseases are caused by point mutations?

Answer 9

3,000

Question 10

If CRISPR is used to treat a disease in SOMATIC (non-sex) cells, will those genetic alterations be passed on to the next generation?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

CRISPR Basics:

Answer 11

Bacteria that survive viral attack: make a library of prior viruses DNA within their genome.
Use DNA to protect from future viral attacks.

Question 12

CAS gene codes?

Answer 12

CAS9 protein
Ex. Programmable scissors.
Scan=Seek
Destroy= Destroy

Question 13

CRISPR Applications?

Answer 13

Single gene defects can be fixed overnight.
Ex.
Gene Silencing= cut or breaking it off
Inserting Genes= Cut and replace DNA

Question 14

Importance of inserting genes with CRISPR?

Answer 14

Important for diseases where a functional allele is important and knocking out mutant allele isn’t enough.

Question 15

What are some concerns about GMOs that you’ve heard or that you have?

Answer 15

How have GMO affected our society already.

Question 16

Which of the following traits would be MOST difficult to alter using the CRISPR system? Simple Dominance, Incomplete Dominance, Codominance or Polygenic inheritance.

Answer 16

Polygenic inheritance

2 or more genes account for specific phenotype.

Question 17

The scientific community does NOT currently support use of CRISPR in human embryos that will be implanted and born. Which of the following is a reason that may lead to their concerns that there could be unintended side-effects of genetic manipulation?

Answer 17

Pleiotropy