Evolution Flashcards
Relative Age
tells us the order in which events happen
-superposition-
Absolute Age
tells us exact age of something
-radioactive decay-
Fossils
physical evidence of former life prior to human life
Fossilization Steps
- ) animal dies
- ) decay and burial
- ) sediment accumulation and per-mineralization
- ) uplift and exposure
- ) discovery
Radioactive Decay
- used when determining the absolute age
- isotope: forms of chemical elements that differ in the number of neutrons in their atomic nuclei
- radioactive isotopes will break down into a lighter product over time
- half life: the time it takes for half the product to decay
- by tracking back the decay of the product we can track the age
Geological Time
- a way to map out history of the earth
- presented in a time scale
Isotope
forms of chemical elements that differ in the number of neutrons in their atomic nuclei
Half Life
the time it takes for half the product to decay
Super Position
- stratigraphy is the study of layer of rocks
- rocks are layered like a cake
- younger rocks = top; older = bottom
- unconformities are gaps in the layer of rocks
Unconformities
gaps in the layer of rocks
Stratigraphy
the study of the layer of rocks
Law of Inclusions
inclusions are older
Law of Cross-Cutting
faults and cross-cuts are younger
How old is the Earth?
approximately 4.54 billion years old
What is Carbon-14’s half life?
5,700 years
If Iron-38 is 16,000 years old and it’s half life is 4,000 years - how many half lives is the sample?
4 half lives
If Gold-265 is 49,000 years old and the sample is is 11 half lives old - what percent of the sample is found?
0.048%
What are the 3 laws of stratigraphy?
Law of Superposition, Cross cutting and Inclusions
Permineralization
mineral replacement
Where and when was Darwin born?
Shrewsbury, England in 1809
How many siblings did Darwin have?
5 siblings
Darwin’s Parents
- His parents were well know and respected in the science community
- Father was a surgeon, mother was a botanist
When did Darwin’s mother die?
When he was 8 years old
What kind of life did Darwin live?
Life full of wealth and privileges as a child
Where and when did Darwin go to college?
The University of Edinburgh, Cambridge at 16
Darwin’s two studies were…
Originally medical, but changed to natural history
What was Darwin’s professional title?
Naturalist
What was the name of the ship Darwin sailed on?
The HMS Beagle
Darwin was a ____ man
religious
How old was Darwin when he took the voyage around the world?
22
How long was Darwin at sea?
5 years from 1831-1836
Darwin was ______ the whole time on the voyage
sea-sick
What did Darwin accomplish at the end of his journey?
- 770 page diary
- 1750 pages of notes
- 12 catalogs
- 5436 skins, bones and carcasses
What islands did Darwin visit?
Galapagos
What type of bird did Darwin find, how were they connected and how many species?
14 species of finches connected by beak variations of a common ancestor
What book did Darwin publish and when?
“The Origin of Species” in 1859 which mapped out his theory of natural selection
Evolution
any process of growth or development
Natural Selection
a process in which species adapt to changes in the enviroment
Adaptation
the change or process of which and organism or species change to better suit it’s enviroment
What is the common misconception about adaptation
that it only occurs over billions of years
IT DOESN’T
Artificial Selection
the human forced process of selective breeding or choosing of traits to be passed down to an organism’s offspring
Natural v.s. Artificial
Artificial is human forced and traits are chosen to be passed down for the bettering of species. Natural happens naturally in the environment and allows species to adapt to changes in their surrounding to up their survival rate.
