Evolution

Question 1

typological thinking

Answer 1

species are unchanging, and variationswithin species are unimportant or even misleading

Question 2

population

Answer 2

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area at the same time.

Question 3

descent with modification

Answer 3

The phrase used by Darwin to describe his hypothesis of evolution by natural selection.

Question 4

What are the two statements about the nature of a species defined by the pattern component of the theory of evolution?

Answer 4

1) Species change through time

2) Species are related by common ancestry

Question 5

extant species

Answer 5

A species that is living today.

Question 6

geological time scale

Answer 6

The sequence of eons, epochs, and periods used to describe the geologic history of Earth.

Question 7

sedimentary rocks

Answer 7

A type of rock formed by gradual accumulation of sediment, as in riverbeds and on the ocean floor. Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.

Question 8

How old is the earth adn when did life begin to appear?

Answer 8

-The earth is about 4.6 billion years old with the earliest signs of life appearing in rocks that formed 3.4-3.8 billion years ago.

Question 9

What percentage of species are now extinct?

Answer 9

99%

Question 10

transitional feature

Answer 10

A trait that is intermediate between a condition observed in ancestral species and the condition observed in more derived species.

Question 11

vestigial trait

Answer 11

Any rudimentary structure of unknown or minimal function that is homologous to functioning structures in other species. Vestigial traits are thought to reflect evolutionary history.

Question 12

phylogeny

Answer 12

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

Question 13

homology

Answer 13

Similarity among organisms of different species due to their inheritance from a common ancestor. Features that exhibit such similarity (e.g., DNA sequences, proteins, body parts) are said to be homologous

Question 14

genetic homology

Answer 14

Similarities in DNA sequences or amino acid sequences that are due to inheritance from a common ancestor.

Question 15

developmental homology

Answer 15

A similarity in embryonic form, or in the fate of embryonic tissues, that is due to inheritance from a common ancestor.

Question 16

structural homology

Answer 16

Similarities in organismal structures (e.g., limbs, shells, flowers) that are due to inheritance from a common ancestor.

Question 17

morphology

Answer 17

The shape and appearance of an organism’s body and its component parts.

Question 18

Do the three levels of homology interact?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

internal consistency

Answer 19

-observation that data from independent sources agree in supporting predictions made by a theory

Question 20

Evolution

Answer 20

change in allele frequencies over time

Question 21

What is the condensed form of Darwin’s four postulates?

Answer 21

1) Heritable variation leads to (2) differential reproductive success.

Question 22

Adaptation

Answer 22

heritable trait that increase the fitness of an individual in a particular environment relative to individuals lacking the trait.

Question 23

natural experiment

Answer 23

A situation in which groups to be compared are created by an unplanned, natural change in conditions rather than by manipulation of conditions by researchers.

Question 24

acclimation

Answer 24

Gradual physiological adjustment of an organism to new environmental conditions that occur naturally or as part of a laboratory experiment.

Question 25

In natural selection the individual organism changes in response to the environment (T/F)

Answer 25

False the population changes

Question 26

What are the limitations of natural selection?

Answer 26

• non-adaptive traits
• genetic contraints
• fitness tradeoffs
• historical constraints(all traits evolved from previously existing traits)