Behavior

Question 1

behavior

Answer 1

Any action by an organism.

Question 2

Proximate causation

Answer 2

n biology, the immediate, mechanistic cause of a phenomenon (how it happens), as opposed to why it evolved. Also called proximate explanation.

Question 3

Ultimate causation

Answer 3

In biology, the reason that a trait or phenomenon is thought to have evolved; the adaptive advantage of that trait. Also called ultimate explanation.

Question 4

fixed action pattern

Answer 4

Highly stereotyped behavior pattern that occurs in a certain invariant way in a certain species. A form of innate behavior.

Question 5

innate behavior

Answer 5

Behavior that is inherited genetically, does not have to be learned, and is typical of a species.

Question 6

cost-benefit analysis

Answer 6

Decisions or analyses that weigh the fitness costs and benefits of a particular action.

Question 7

optimal foraging

Answer 7

The concept that animals forage in a way that maximizes the amount of usable energy they take in, given the costs of finding and ingesting their food and the risk of being eaten while they’re at it.

Question 8

Do genes influence behavior?

Answer 8

Yes, fruit fly experiment

Question 9

What are the sex hormones in females and males?

Answer 9

testorone in males and estradiol in females(in relation to lizards)

Question 10

sexual dimorphism

Answer 10

Differences in the sexes as to gene expression

Question 11

What are the three categories of navigation for animals?

Answer 11

1) Piloting
2) Compass Orientation
3) True Navigation

Question 12

circadian clock

Answer 12

n internal mechanism found in most organisms that regulates many body processes (sleep-wake cycles, hormonal patterns, etc.) in a roughly 24-hour cycle.

Question 13

Benefits and costs of migration?

Answer 13

Food benefit, energetic and predator risk

Question 14

Deceit usually works…

Answer 14

When rare

Question 15

Altruism

Answer 15

Any behavior that has a cost to the individual (such as lowered survival or reproduction) and a benefit to the recipient.

Question 16

coefficient of relatedness

Answer 16

A measure of how closely two individuals are related. Calculated as the probability that an allele in two individuals is inherited from the same ancestor.

Question 17

Hamilton’s rule

Answer 17

The proposition that an allele for altruistic behavior will be favored by natural selection only if Br > C, where B = the fitness benefit to the recipient, C = the fitness cost to the actor, and r = the coefficient of relatedness between recipient and actor.

Question 18

inclusive fitness

Answer 18

The combination of (1) direct production of offspring (direct fitness) and (2) extra production of offspring by relatives in response to help provided by the individual in question (indirect fitness).

Question 19

kin selection

Answer 19

A form of natural selection that favors traits that increase survival or reproduction of an individual’s kin at the expense of the individual.

Question 20

reciprocal altruism

Answer 20

A type of navigation in which animals use familiar landmarks to find their way.