EVOLUTION

Question 1

Genetic similarity

Answer 1

96-99%

Question 1

Bipedality characteristics

Answer 1

• Femur became angled inward
• tibia became angled straight downward
• Knees could be locked to maintain upright posture
• Pelvis became broad

Question 2

Bipedality disadvantages

Answer 2

• difficult to learn
• unstable
• ineffective defence posture
• loss of grasping ability in feet
• slow

Question 3

Bipedality advantages

Answer 3

• Fleeing: height
• Foraging: long-distance travel
• Fighting: tool use
• Sex: transporting goods
• termal regulation

Question 4

Evolution of language

Answer 4

• Spine migrated perpendicular to base of skull
• Neck lengthened
• Jaw descended
• Face flattened
• Tongue shortened and receded
• Larynx lengthened and descended
• Pharyngeal cavity opened

Question 5

Brain developments

Answer 5

• increase in brain size
• Cerebral blood flow increased 600%

Question 6

Graph

Answer 6

bipedality led to tool use, language and long-distance travel, which led to hunting and gathering which led to brain growth