Evolution Flashcards
evolution definition
process when different organisms develop and diversify from each other to adapt to their environments
MRSA
Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: resistance against staph infection treatments, genetically different
Bajau People
adapted to have bigger spleens for more oxygenated blood to hold breath for longer
Andes People
take shorter breaths because they have less hemoglobin in their blood to adapt to thinner air
Himalayan People
have broader arteries so they take faster breaths to combat thin air
James Hutton
deep time, forces beneath earth were mountains, that were then shaped by erosion
Charles Lyell
geological processes shape Earth over time, and are still happening
Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s hypothesis
- Use and disuse
- Inheritance of acquired traits
- Tendency toward perfection
Use and disuse
Organisms can alter their organs to benefit themselves in new environments
Inheritance of acquired traits
Organisms can acquire the use of an organ in their lifetime that will be passed down
Tendency toward perfection
Organisms are constantly developing features to live in environments successfully
other pieces of evidence supporting evolution
- Fossil Records
- Homo/analogous body structures
- Embryonic development
- genetics/ molecular biology
- biogeography
Homologous Structures
same basic anatomical structures showing up in different but related species
Analogous Structures
body parts serving similar use, but different structure, not related
embryonic development
embryos of distantly related species with similar features during early development
genetics/ molecular biology
genetic changes can be documented over time
biogeography
distantly related species/ non-related species showing different and same adaptations based on area
convergent evolution
organisms that aren’t closely related showing similar adaptations based on environment
divergent evolution
closely related organisms differing from each other due to different environments
3 different reproductive isolations
- Temporal
- Behavioral
- Geographical
Temporal
mating at different times
Behavioral
different reproductive practices
Geographical
Geographical barrier separating two species
Darwin’s Finches 5 steps
- founders arrive
- geographic isolation
- change in gene pool
- reproductive isolation
- competition
gene pool
all the genes and alleles in a population
single gene traits and examples
when a single gene codes for a trait ex: eye color
polygenic gene traits and examples
when two or more genes code for a trait ex: skin color
3 sources of genetic variation
mutations, genetic recombination, lateral gene transfer
mutations, example
heritable changes in the DNA sequence, sickle cell disease
genetic recombination, example
crossing over process where genes recombine, Prophase 1 of meiosis
lateral gene transfer, example
genes passing from organism to another, not through reproduction, fungi to aphids
