Cell cycle Flashcards
two reasons why cells have to divide
DNA overload and surface-to-volume ratio is too big to move necessary items across the cell membrane.
what does DNA overload mean
when a cell becomes larger it means more demands will be placed on DNA.
what is the surface area of a cell?
total area of cell membrane
what is the volume of a cell?
cytoplasm
what are the two main stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase and mitosis or M phase
what occurs during the G1 phase?
when the cell is growing and synthesizing new proteins and organelles
what are the three parts of interphase?
G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase
what occurs during the G2 phase
preparation for cell division through gathering necessary molecules and organelles, for the quick process
what occurs during the S phase
DNA replication
what are the 4 phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
what occurs during prophase
chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles separate, spindles form, and the nuclear envelope breaks down
what occurs during anaphase
sister chromosomes are separated into individual chromosomes and move away from each other
what occurs during metaphase
chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and chromosomes are connected to spindle fibers at their centromeres
what occurs during telophase
cell loses its distinct shape and two new nuclear envelopes form
what is cytokinesis
the process occurring after mitosis where the cytoplasm splits.
