evolution Flashcards
is an unpredictable natural process of change over time with physical change due to genetic modification
evolution
what is the change in the physical characteristics of a species over several generations?
evolution
evolution relies on the process of ____?
natural selection
______ is based on the idea that all species gradually change over time to be able to adapt to the continuous changing in the environment
natural selection
what helped the peppered moth in its survival?
camouflaging
evolution undergoes rapid changes over generations
true or false
false, the population undergoes slow changes over generations.
evolution is unpredictable and natural, these changes occur continuously and gradually
true or false
true
evolution doesn’t involve genetic modification
true or false
false
____ are preserved remnants of organisms.
fossils
____ are one of the richest sources of information about live forms that lived in the past.
fossils
what are the 2 ways to determine the age of fossils?
stratification
radiometric dating
_____ of sedimentary rocks in which fossils are located can help determine age of fossils
stratification
a body will not decompose if it is covered by sediment or volcanic ash
true or false
true
Hard elements of a body may be preserved from decomposition even if it is not covered quickly
true or false
false, it has to be covered quickly
Occasionally, erosion, uplifting of the earth’s crust, or human excavation may expose fossils to the surface.
true or false
true
______ are evidence that provide information about life forms.
fossils
______ has common origin, different function (origin of the structure is the same but it has different functions)
homologous
_____ has different origin, same function (the body structure has different origin but same function)
analogous
_____ body structure has no function but is homologous to other organisms.
vestigial
Determining a fossil’s embryology will contribute to its _______
classification
____ is determining the similarities between its molecules
biochemistry
Similarities in RNA, DNA, and proteins are used as indicators of common ancestry.
true or false
true
_______ focuses on studying the distribution of plants and animals around the world.
biogeography
________ are rare accidental events that change the nucleotide sequence of a gene.
mutations
Non-lethal alleles may be passed to the next and future generations and without mutation, there will be evolution or physical changes in the characteristics of an organism.
true or false
false. without mutation, there will be NO evolution or physical changes in the characteristics of an organism.
Natural selection is good because it encourages changes in the gene pool enabling an organism to survive in an ever changing environment.
true or false
true
_____ is a group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same geographical area
population
_______ are random changes in allele frequency due to chance events
genetic drifts
2 causes of genetic drift
bottleneck and founder effect
_____ occurs when a major catastrophe wipes out a large proportion of the population without regard to fitness.
bottleneck effect
_________ occurs when a few individuals leave the group and establish a new population.
founder effect
______ is the redistribution of alleles due to
migration into and out of the
population.
gene flow
_____ tends to mix pools of genes that
might not otherwise mix.
gene flow
______ is a phenomenon where a life form dies out completely.
extinction
how many major extinctions in thw world?
5 in the last 530 million years
The largest mass extinction was during the _______ period.
Permian Triassic
Most recent mass extinction took place during the ________ which is a.k.a the end of the Dinosaurs
cretaceous period
By looking at the genotypic characteristics of an organism and comparing it with another organism, the best to compare is through evolutionary trees, also known as _______.
phylogenetic trees
_____ is used to trace evolutionary change and relationships between species.
evolutionary trees
_____ are short bursts of evolutionary activity or the development of new species within a short time.
adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation may simply be traced using a ____
phylogenetic tree
In the beginning, earth was too cold for life.
true or false
false, too hot
The _______ started the evolution of all life forms on earth.
great oxygenation
What gases were the most abundant on earth for 4.5 Billion years, therefore making it inhabitable?
harmful gases
_____ follows this system where the most general name of an organism is its domain followed by its kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species. (specific to general)
taxonomic classification
It has been said that humans share a common ancestor with ______
primates
primates and humans only differ in their _____ and _____
genus and species
_____ diverged from other primates about 25 MYA.
Hominoid groups
These organisms that have the following are called what?
○ larger brains
○ no tail
○ and a more complex social
behavior.
Hominoids``
Us humans are closest to
______
chimpanzees
Appeared in Africa for about 4.4 MYA.
Ardipithecus Ramidus
Most likely the first hominid
Ardipithecus Ramidus
Thought to be the direct ancestor of
modern humans
Australopithecus Afarensis
Australopithecus Afarensis appeared in africa 3.2 MYA with _______
Australopithecus Garhi
Based on its anatomy and physiology, _______ most definitely walked upright.
Australopithecus Afarensis
true or false
male Australopithecus Afarensis were larger than the females
false, females were larger this suggests sexual dimorphism
Australopithecus Afarensis were followed by the appearance of _____
Homo habilis
Homo habilis appeared around __ MYA
2.4 MYA
It is the first distinct human ancestor
homo habilis
Its name or genus and species means
“handy man” as the first stone tools appeared this time
homo habilis
They are the first tool maker
homo habilis
homo habilis has has thick enamels in the teeth which suggests that this ancestor is a carnivore.
true or false
false, It has thick enamels in the teeth which suggests that this ancestor is
an OMNIVORE.
this came after homo habilis
homo erectus
appeared 2 MYA
homo erectus
This group is more human looking
than the rest
homo erectus
homo habilis has longer infancy
true or false
false, it is homo erectus with longer infancy
Just like homo habilis, it has more
brain enlargement based on the
shape of its skull.
homo erectus
They have been found in parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Giving
its name out of africa
homo erectus
Fossils of the homo erectus group have been discovered along with _____
homo heidelbergensis.
The final phase of human
development was marked by a
substantial increase in brain size.
homo sapiens
This group is believed to have
developed from Homo erectus and
spread out from Africa.
homo sapiens
It has replaced all the homo species and is the only surviving homo species.
homo sapiens
____ was discovered in Callao Cave, Cagayan Province of the Philippines
Homo luzonensis
All humans belong to multiple species, however there are still unique features that distinguish one race from another. These are called racial differences.
true or false
false, all humans belong to a single species.
_____ are slight changes in the character between subgroups of a common species.
Racial differences
