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gen. bio 1 - kco > evolution > Flashcards

evolution Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is an unpredictable natural process of change over time with physical change due to genetic modification

A

evolution

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2
Q

what is the change in the physical characteristics of a species over several generations?

A

evolution

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3
Q

evolution relies on the process of ____?

A

natural selection

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4
Q

______ is based on the idea that all species gradually change over time to be able to adapt to the continuous changing in the environment

A

natural selection

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5
Q

what helped the peppered moth in its survival?

A

camouflaging

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6
Q

evolution undergoes rapid changes over generations

true or false

A

false, the population undergoes slow changes over generations.

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7
Q

evolution is unpredictable and natural, these changes occur continuously and gradually

true or false

A

true

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8
Q

evolution doesn’t involve genetic modification

true or false

A

false

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9
Q

____ are preserved remnants of organisms.

A

fossils

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10
Q

____ are one of the richest sources of information about live forms that lived in the past.

A

fossils

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11
Q

what are the 2 ways to determine the age of fossils?

A

stratification
radiometric dating

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12
Q

_____ of sedimentary rocks in which fossils are located can help determine age of fossils

A

stratification

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13
Q

a body will not decompose if it is covered by sediment or volcanic ash

true or false

A

true

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14
Q

Hard elements of a body may be preserved from decomposition even if it is not covered quickly

true or false

A

false, it has to be covered quickly

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15
Q

Occasionally, erosion, uplifting of the earth’s crust, or human excavation may expose fossils to the surface.

true or false

A

true

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16
Q

______ are evidence that provide information about life forms.

A

fossils

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17
Q

______ has common origin, different function (origin of the structure is the same but it has different functions)

A

homologous

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18
Q

_____ has different origin, same function (the body structure has different origin but same function)

A

analogous

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19
Q

_____ body structure has no function but is homologous to other organisms.

A

vestigial

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20
Q

Determining a fossil’s embryology will contribute to its _______

A

classification

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21
Q

____ is determining the similarities between its molecules

A

biochemistry

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22
Q

Similarities in RNA, DNA, and proteins are used as indicators of common ancestry.

true or false

A

true

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23
Q

_______ focuses on studying the distribution of plants and animals around the world.

A

biogeography

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24
Q

________ are rare accidental events that change the nucleotide sequence of a gene.

A

mutations

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25
Q

Non-lethal alleles may be passed to the next and future generations and without mutation, there will be evolution or physical changes in the characteristics of an organism.

true or false

A

false. without mutation, there will be NO evolution or physical changes in the characteristics of an organism.

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26
Q

Natural selection is good because it encourages changes in the gene pool enabling an organism to survive in an ever changing environment.

true or false

A

true

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27
Q

_____ is a group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same geographical area

A

population

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28
Q

_______ are random changes in allele frequency due to chance events

A

genetic drifts

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29
Q

2 causes of genetic drift

A

bottleneck and founder effect

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30
Q

_____ occurs when a major catastrophe wipes out a large proportion of the population without regard to fitness.

A

bottleneck effect

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31
Q

_________ occurs when a few individuals leave the group and establish a new population.

A

founder effect

32
Q

______ is the redistribution of alleles due to
migration into and out of the
population.

A

gene flow

33
Q

_____ tends to mix pools of genes that
might not otherwise mix.

A

gene flow

34
Q

______ is a phenomenon where a life form dies out completely.

A

extinction

35
Q

how many major extinctions in thw world?

A

5 in the last 530 million years

36
Q

The largest mass extinction was during the _______ period.

A

Permian Triassic

37
Q

Most recent mass extinction took place during the ________ which is a.k.a the end of the Dinosaurs

A

cretaceous period

38
Q

By looking at the genotypic characteristics of an organism and comparing it with another organism, the best to compare is through evolutionary trees, also known as _______.

A

phylogenetic trees

39
Q

_____ is used to trace evolutionary change and relationships between species.

A

evolutionary trees

40
Q

_____ are short bursts of evolutionary activity or the development of new species within a short time.

A

adaptive radiation

41
Q

Adaptive radiation may simply be traced using a ____

A

phylogenetic tree

42
Q

In the beginning, earth was too cold for life.

true or false

A

false, too hot

43
Q

The _______ started the evolution of all life forms on earth.

A

great oxygenation

44
Q

What gases were the most abundant on earth for 4.5 Billion years, therefore making it inhabitable?

A

harmful gases

45
Q

_____ follows this system where the most general name of an organism is its domain followed by its kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species. (specific to general)

A

taxonomic classification

46
Q

It has been said that humans share a common ancestor with ______

A

primates

47
Q

primates and humans only differ in their _____ and _____

A

genus and species

48
Q

_____ diverged from other primates about 25 MYA.

A

Hominoid groups

49
Q

These organisms that have the following are called what?

○ larger brains
○ no tail
○ and a more complex social
behavior.

A

Hominoids``

50
Q

Us humans are closest to
______

A

chimpanzees

51
Q

Appeared in Africa for about 4.4 MYA.

A

Ardipithecus Ramidus

52
Q

Most likely the first hominid

A

Ardipithecus Ramidus

53
Q

Thought to be the direct ancestor of
modern humans

A

Australopithecus Afarensis

54
Q

Australopithecus Afarensis appeared in africa 3.2 MYA with _______

A

Australopithecus Garhi

55
Q

Based on its anatomy and physiology, _______ most definitely walked upright.

A

Australopithecus Afarensis

56
Q

true or false

male Australopithecus Afarensis were larger than the females

A

false, females were larger this suggests sexual dimorphism

57
Q

Australopithecus Afarensis were followed by the appearance of _____

A

Homo habilis

58
Q

Homo habilis appeared around __ MYA

A

2.4 MYA

59
Q

It is the first distinct human ancestor

A

homo habilis

60
Q

Its name or genus and species means
“handy man” as the first stone tools appeared this time

A

homo habilis

61
Q

They are the first tool maker

A

homo habilis

62
Q

homo habilis has has thick enamels in the teeth which suggests that this ancestor is a carnivore.

true or false

A

false, It has thick enamels in the teeth which suggests that this ancestor is
an OMNIVORE.

63
Q

this came after homo habilis

A

homo erectus

64
Q

appeared 2 MYA

A

homo erectus

65
Q

This group is more human looking
than the rest

A

homo erectus

66
Q

homo habilis has longer infancy

true or false

A

false, it is homo erectus with longer infancy

67
Q

Just like homo habilis, it has more
brain enlargement based on the
shape of its skull.

A

homo erectus

68
Q

They have been found in parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Giving
its name out of africa

A

homo erectus

69
Q

Fossils of the homo erectus group have been discovered along with _____

A

homo heidelbergensis.

70
Q

The final phase of human
development was marked by a
substantial increase in brain size.

A

homo sapiens

71
Q

This group is believed to have
developed from Homo erectus and
spread out from Africa.

A

homo sapiens

72
Q

It has replaced all the homo species and is the only surviving homo species.

A

homo sapiens

73
Q

____ was discovered in Callao Cave, Cagayan Province of the Philippines

A

Homo luzonensis

74
Q

All humans belong to multiple species, however there are still unique features that distinguish one race from another. These are called racial differences.

true or false

A

false, all humans belong to a single species.

75
Q

_____ are slight changes in the character between subgroups of a common species.

A

Racial differences

76
Q
A

gen. bio 1 - kco (3 decks)

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