evolution Flashcards
microevolution
small changes
macroevolution
big changes
evidence of evolution
1- fossil records
2-comparative anatomy
3-comparative embryology
4-molecular biology
5-comparative biochemistry
6-biogeoraphy
Lamarck theory of evolution
learning is inherited
“use and disuse’
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
the best fit to survive and passes on his genetics
variation with population
1- mutation:changes in genetic material
2- genetic drift: change in genes due to chance
3-gene drift: movement of allele into and out of a population
comparative anatomy
homologous structures
analogous structure
vestigal structure
homologous structure
same structure, diff functions
analogous structure
different structure, same function
vestigal structure
structures that had function and lost it with time
comparative biochemistry
common ancestors have same biological pathways
comparative embryo
similar embryos
molecular biology
amino acids are same in all organisms
biogeography
continents drifting apart
population stability
1-population must be large
2-isolated
3-no mutations
4-mating must be random
5- no natural selection
hardy Weinberg equation
p+q=1
p^2 + 2pq+ q^2
theories about evolution
1- gradualism
2- punctuauted equilibrium
3- spontaneous generation
gradualism
organisms descend from a common ancestor gradually, over a long period
punctuated equilibrium
new species appear after long period of time
spontaneous generation
living things emerge from non living things or objects
characteristics that enabled animals to move on land
-lungs
-skin
-limbs
-internal fertilization
- shells to protect their eggs
characteristics that enbeled plants to move to land
-roots
-supporting cells for light
-vasscular tissue
-cutin: to protect the leaf
seeds
