biochemistry

Question 1

isotopes

Answer 1

different neutron numbers

Question 2

types of bondings

Answer 2

ionic-covalent-hydrogen-peptide

Question 3

ionic bond

Answer 3

loosing electrons leads to positive atom
gaining electrons leads to negative atoms

Question 4

covalenet bond

Answer 4

sharing electrons

Question 5

properties of water

Answer 5

1-high specific heat
2-high heat of vaporization
3- high properties of adhesion and cohesion
4-universal solvent
5-ice is less dense than water

Question 6

what is high specific heat

Answer 6

absorbs a lot of energy to change temperature

Question 7

how is cohesion and adhesion related to plants

Answer 7

adhesion is clinginess of different substances while cohesion is the sticking of the same substance. both are important for plant survival as they help water move up the roots to leaves with no energy
adhesion causes capillary actions while cohesion causes surface tension

Question 8

carbohydrates

Answer 8

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 9

types of carbohydrates

Answer 9

monosaccharide, disaccaride, polysaccharide

Question 10

formula of monosaccharides

Answer 10

C6H12O6

Question 11

examples of monosaccharides

Answer 11

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 12

Isomers

Answer 12

have same formula but different structure ( all monosaccharides are isomers)

Question 13

Disaccharide

Answer 13

2 monosaccharides joined together using dehydration

Question 14

disacheride formula

Answer 14

C12H22011

Question 15

Glucose+Glucose=

Answer 15

Maltose + H20

Question 16

glucose+galactose=

Answer 16

LACTOSE+ H20

Question 17

Glucose + Fractose=

Answer 17

Sucrose + H2O

Question 18

hydrolysis

Answer 18

breaks down disaccharides using water

Question 19

polysaccharides

Answer 19

many monosaccharides joined together ( polymers of carbohydrates)

Question 20

function of carbohydrate

Answer 20

1-direct source of energy
2-structural functioning in cell wall
3-part of exoskeleton of arthropods

Question 21

types of lipids

Answer 21

1-fats and oils
2-steroids
3-waxes
4-cholesterol

Question 22

saturated

Answer 22

one bond

Question 23

unsaturated

Answer 23

two or more bonds

Question 24

fats and oils

Answer 24

3 fatty acids + one glycerol

Question 25

condensation

Answer 25

adds energy to organic moleculeles

Question 26

hydrolysis energy

Answer 26

removes energy from molecules

Question 27

phospholipids

Answer 27

glycerol+2 fatty acids+ 1 phosphate group

Question 28

function of lipids

Answer 28

1-energy storage
2-chemical messenger-endocrine
3-lipid bilayer of cell membrane (phospholipids)

Question 29

protein

Answer 29

polymers formed by doing amino acids using polypeptide bonds ( they are responsible for growth)

Question 30

amino acids

Answer 30

1-amino group(NH2)
2-Carboxyl group(COOH)
3-R group

Question 31

denaturation

Answer 31

change in the shape of a protein by temperature or PH

Question 32

DNA

Answer 32

stores genetic information

Question 33

RNA

Answer 33

template copy

Question 34

Nucleotides

Answer 34

monomers of nucleic acid

Question 35

nucleic group formation

Answer 35

1- sugar ribose or deoxyribose
2- phosphate group
3-nitrogen base

Question 36

sugar in DNA nucleotide

Answer 36

deoxyribose

Question 37

base pairing in DNA ( double helix)

Answer 37

adenine- guanini-cytosine-thymine

Question 38

base pairing in RNA ( single helix)

Answer 38

adenine- guanini-cytosine-uracil

Question 39

enzyme

Answer 39

large proteins that are bioligal catalysts

Question 40

substrate

Answer 40

the reactant that enzyme binds with to speeds up the reaction

Question 41

active site

Answer 41

the surface of an enzyme that the substrate has to fit in like lock and key

Question 42

induced fit

Answer 42

enzyme changes its active site so substrates fit perfectly

Question 43

factors that effect enzyme activity

Answer 43

1- temperature
2-PH
3- Substrate concentration
4- Enzyme concentration