Evolution

Question 1

Can scientists fully explain how life came to be? Why or why not?

Answer 1

No we can use only use fossials and annomy

Question 2

If all of Earth’s 4.5 billion years of life was put into one day, approximately how much of that “day” have humans been around?

Answer 2

200,000 years ago
11:59 pm
Humans arrive

Question 3

First few million years

Answer 3

Earth first formed
First prokaryotic cells emerged from prebiotic soup
First eukaryotic cells arose (from engulfed prokaryotes)
Multicellular organisms began (from protists staying together)
First sea plants
First sea animals
Plants moved to land, followed by animals

Question 4

First mya

Answer 4

Plants moved to land, followed by animals
Carboniferous forests covered the land. Winged insects arrived.
Reptiles dominate
Mammals appear
Dinosaurs disappear
Various forms of apes and monkeys appear

Question 5

What was the first type of life on earth?

Answer 5

First prokaryotic cells emerged from prebiotic soup

Question 6

Which came first on land, plants or animals? Explain why.

Answer 6

• land plants first appeared about 500 million years ago, during the Cambrian period
• evolved from a group of green algae

Question 7

Approximately how many years has life been present on Earth?

Answer 7

3.7 billion years old.

Question 8

Explain the process Darwin went through to publish his Theory on Evolution.

Answer 8

• He collected fossils and specimens that he connected between past and present animals
• He observed species from different islands wondering why they were different
• Collected a large about of specimens that he shared with other sciences

Question 9

Describe a common myth regarding evolution and provide the correction for it.

Answer 9

Evolution results in progress; organisms are always getting better through evolution.

Evolution is a process of gradual change that takes place over many generations, during which species of animals, plants, or insects slowly change some of their physical characteristics.

Question 10

Who are the two people credited for creation of the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 10

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 11

How did collecting fossils help Darwin’s theory of evolution?

Answer 11

Darwin realized that species were replaced in time by similar species

Question 12

Why is the term “survival of the fittest” sometimes misunderstood?

Answer 12

survival of the fittest might not be the best way to describe natural selection as it applies to evolution
Individuals that survive aren’t always the strongest, fastest, or smartest.

Question 13

What was Lamarck’s contribution to earlier theories of evolution?

Answer 13

He proposed the first serious model of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring, through inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 14

What two key concepts are Phylogenetic Trees based upon?

Answer 14

similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Question 15

Define the processes that can lead to microevolution and give an example for each.

Answer 15

Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population. This change is due to natural selection,gentic driff,mutation,gene flow,non random mutation

Question 16

Behaviorial isolation

Answer 16

changes in behaviour keeping species apart

Question 17

mechanical isolation

Answer 17

parts dont fit stop them from mating

Question 18

Hybrid invalibiity

Answer 18

mating occurs but misscarage

Question 19

Define speciation, what is one process that could cause speciation?

Answer 19

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Natural selection

Question 20

allopatric speciation

Answer 20

In allopatric speciation, groups from an ancestral population evolve into separate species due to a period of geographical separation.

Question 21

sympatric speciation

Answer 21

In sympatric speciation, groups from the same ancestral population evolve into separate species without any geographical separation.

Question 22

Darwin and his voyage

Answer 22

The Beagle voyage would provide Darwin with a lifetime of experiences to ponder—and the seeds of a theory he would work on for the rest of his life.
Sailing around South America
There Darwin spent considerable time ashore collecting plants and animals
Darwin filled notebooks with his observations of plants, animals, and geology
The trip was an almost five-year

Question 23

Microevolution

Answer 23

Microevolution occurs when there is frequency of an allele in population changes.

In order for evolution to happen, changes in the gene pool need to occur over time. As these changes occur, a species is said to be going through MICROEVOLUTION, since the members of that species are still part of the same species, with newly acquired traits.
But, when the changes add up over time and cause the members of that species to become REPRODUCTIVELY ISOLATED (a.k.a. can’t have babies with one another), then SPECIATION has occurred.

Question 24

Genetic Drift

Answer 24

change in genetic variation from generation to generation due to chance and occurs quickly in small populations. Depending on those “left behind” in the small group, the allelic frequencies may shift.

Question 25

Non-random Mating

Answer 25

Individuals in a population select mates, often on the basis of their phenotypes. If a certain phenotype becomes more desirable, the allelic frequencies may shift.

Question 26

Mutation

Answer 26

Mutation randomly introduces new alleles into a population. This immediately shifts the frequency of alleles in the gene pool

Question 27

Gene Flow

Answer 27

The net movement of alleles from one population to another is the result of the migration of the individuals. This may change the allelic frequencies in either or both populations.

Question 28

Natural Selection

Answer 28

The result of the environment “selecting for” individuals in the population with certain traits that make them better suited and therefore more likely to reproduce. The more these better-suited-individuals reproduce, the more their genes stay in the gene pool, and the allelic frequency may shift.

Question 29

macroevolution.

Answer 29

When some members of a sexually reproducing population change so much that they are no longer able to reproduce viable, fertile offspring with members of the original population, speciation has occurred. Speciation is the formation of new species from existing species. This is known as

Question 30

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 30

• occurs when populations are separated by a geographic barrier (e.g. large body of water, mountain range) and then diverge genetically. Once populations are reproductively isolated, allele frequencies in the two populations can begin to diverge due to natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and/or gene flow.

Question 31

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 31

enables populations that live in the same habitat to diverge genetically. See chart below for some examples of barriers that cause this type of speciation.

Question 32

Embryology

Answer 32

a branch of science that is related to the formation, growth, and development of embryo

All vertebrates develop first with paired pouches (gills) and “tails”. Fins/Fur/Feathers (often used to classify the vertebrates) appear towards the end of embryo development.