evoloution quiz Flashcards
what are darwins 5 main points?
1) Organisms differ, variation is inherited
2) Organisms produce more offspring that survive
3) Organisms compete for resources
4) Species alive today have modifications from common ancestor.
5) Organisms with advantages survive to pass those advantages to their children
lamarks 3 laws
1) Law of use and disused. Use leads to development, disuse leads to disappearance .
2) Law of inheritance of acquired characteristic’s – new traits are passed onto offspring
3) Tendency towards perfection
thinkers before darwin- LAMARK
said that organisms acquire traits by using their body in new way.
thinkers before darwin- HUTTON AND LYLE
argued that the earth is millions of years old because of layers of rock that take time to form.
thinkers before darwin- MALTHUS
said population growth is expediential well food supply growth is arithmetic
natural selection
environmental pressure in nature determine which individuals survive, those who do survive affect the gene pool, hopefully producing offspring with desirable characteristic’s.
artificial selection
an evolutionary process in which humans consciously select particular features in organisms
graphic distribution
the similarities and difference between organisms in different parts of the world, environment influences what they look like
similarities in embryology
in early stages chickens, turtles, and rats look the sajme and all have gills on the throat.
biochemical similarities
same at molecule level and in dna patterns shoeing common ancestor.
3 types of comparable anatomy
Homologeny
analogous
vestigal
Homologeny
originally function to then change the function
EX- human spine-
shoes evolution from common ancestor and adapted to their environment.
vestigal
had a function but no longer does EX appendix- shows that at one time organisms needed this then we developed and don’t.
analogous
adimaclly different but has same function EX bee wing/ bat wing- to do similar environment pressures, the similar structure evolved.
