Evol Bio Flashcards
refers to the period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.
Scientific Revolution
Revolutions in the History and Philosophy of Science
- Copernican Revolution
- Darwinian Revolution
- Freudian Revolution
Main contribution of Plato to evolutionary biology
Typological thinking
Main contribution of Aristotle to evolutionary biology
Typological thinking + Scale of Nature
Main contribution of Lamarck to evolutionary biology
Typological thinking + Scale of Nature
Main contribution of Darwin and Wallace to evolutionary biology
Change through time + common ancestry
Who stated the following: Every organism was an example of a perfect essence, or type, created by God, and that these types were
unchanging.
Plato
a way of looking at things that classifies
things only in terms of the types to
which they belong, and ignores
variations among individuals
Typological thinking
Who stated the ff.: All organisms are related in
a hierarchy of simple to complex forms.
Aristotle
Plato’s student
Aristotle
was a continuous hierarchy of all beings arranged in order of “perfection”.
Scala Naturae (scale of nature)
[Ladder of Life]
Which organism is in the highest order in the scala naturae
Man
Viviparous Quadrupeds = Mammals
Cete = Cetaceans
Ovipara = Reptiles Birds, Amphibians, & Fish
Malacia = Cephalopods
Malacostraca = Crustaceans
Entoma = Other Arthropods
Ostracoderma = Other Molluscs
Tethya = Ascidians
Acalephae = Jelly fish Holothuria = Holothurians
Spongiae = Sponge
Higher Plants
Lower Plants
Inanimate Matter
In ——-, ———————
proposed that organisms that
used one part of their body
repeatedly would increase their
abilities. Conversely, disuse
would weaken an organ until it
disappeared (Theory of ————-)
1809
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
use and disuse
Why appendix is no longer a vestigial structure
Maintain Homeostasis: the endocrine cells present in the appendix contribute to biological control mechanism
Immune Function: during the early years of development, the appendix has been shown to function as a lymphoid organ, assisting with the maturation of B lymphocytes and production of antibodies IgA
Paper published by Lamarck
Philosophie Zoologique
Father of Paleontology
Georges Cuvier
He studied fossil records and catastrophism
Georges Cuvier
was remembered for his concept of the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
2 important factors for evolution
- Reach the adult stage
- Reproduction (have genes favored by the environment)
English naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.
Charles Robert Darwin
Darwin formulated his bold theory in private in ———-, after returning
from a voyage around the world
aboard ————–, but it was not
until two decades later that he finally
gave it full public expression in On the
Origin of Species (1859)
1837–39
HMS Beagle
Time frame for Charles Darwin’s voyage around the world
1831 - 1836
2 species of tortoises studies by Charles Darwin in the Galapagos islands
- Saddle-shaped tortoises
- Dome-shaped tortoises
Where is the Galapagos islands located
600 miles West of Ecuador, South America
