AB Psychology mnmnmnm

Question 1

maintained that personality and ability depend almost entirely on genetic inheritance (human traits are inherited)

Father of Eugenics

Answer 1

Francis Galton

Question 2

: theory of evolution, survival of the fittest-origin of the species

Answer 2

Charles Darwin

Question 3

: introspection-psychology became the scientific study of conscious experience (rather than science); father of modern or scientific psychology; structuralism was the approach and introspection was the methodology

Answer 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 4

founder of behaviorism; generalization; applied classical conditioning skills to advertising; most famous for Little Albert experiment, where he first trained Albert to be afraid of rats and then to generalize his fear to all small, white
animals

Answer 4

John Watson

Question 5

Neo-Freudian; believed that childhood social, not sexual, tensions are crucial for personality formation; believed that
people are primarily searching or self-esteem and achieving the ideal self

Answer 5

Alfred Adler

Question 6

disciple of Freud who extended his theories; believed in a collective unconscious as well as a personal unconscious that is aware of ancient archetypes which we inherit from our ancestors and we see in myths (young warrior, wise man of the
village, loving mother, etc.); coined the terms introversion and extroversion

Answer 6

Carl Jung

Question 7

three levels of traits:
1. Cardinal trait- dominant trait that characterizes your life
2. Central trait- common to all people
3. Secondary trait- surfaces in some situations and not in others

Answer 7

Gordon Allport

Question 8

father of Rational Emotive Therapy, which focuses on altering client’s patterns of irrational thinking to reduce
maladaptive behavior and emotion (like, “if I fail the AP exam my life will come to an end”)

Answer 8

Albert Ellis

Question 9

humanist psychologist who said we have a series of needs which must be met; you can’t achieve the top level, self-actualization, unless the previous levels have been achieved; from bottom to top the levels are physiological needs, safety,
belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization; lower needs dominate and individual’s motivation as long as they are unsatisfied

Answer 9

Albert Maslow

Question 10

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 10

Lowest portion of the pyramid to the highest portion:

Physiological needs
Safety needs
Love and Belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization

Question 11

humanistic psychologist who believed in unconditional positive regard; people will naturally strive for self-actualization and high self-esteem, unless society taints them; reflected back clients thoughts so that they developed a self-awareness or their feelings; client-centered therapy

Answer 11

Carl Rogers

Question 12

operant conditioning– techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism’s behavior in order to observe the
effects of subsequent behavior; Skinner box; believed psychology was not scientific enough; wanted it to be believed
everyone is born tableau rosa (blank slate); NOT concerned with unconscious or cause, only behavior

Answer 12

B.F. Skinner

Question 13

father of classical conditioning– an unconditional stimulus naturally elicits a reflexive behavior called an
unconditional response, but with repeated pairings with a neutral stimulus, the neutral stimulus will elicit the response

Answer 13

Ivan Pavlov

Question 14

believed there are an infinite number of sentences in a language and that humans have an inborn native ability to
develop language; words and concepts are learned but the brain is hardwired for grammar and language

Answer 14

Noam Chomsky