evo devo

Question 1

evolution of development

Answer 1

changes in how organism develops
“any changes to embryo or larvae”

Question 2

changes in the developmental pathway

Answer 2

evolution creates new genes from paths of old genes to new novel structures
eg timings and location of gene expression can be modified to change phenotype (developmental toolkit)

Question 3

HOX genes

Answer 3

1. homeobox protein binding domain
2. dont create the animal, control the animal body plan
3. control fate of segments
4. organs in other places for mutants (homeotic)
5. if HOX gene expressed worng, legs in wrong place etc

drosophilia have 8 hox genes

Question 4

fly and mice

Answer 4

have similar developmental mechanisms, proposed all animals have hox gene spatial colinearity (hoxa, hoxb, hoxc, hoxd)

Question 5

similar developmental program in unrelated organisms

Answer 5

can be conserved to give same phenotype
genes reused to give same phenotype
eg pax 6 for eye development, controls assembling photosensitive cell with a pigment cell
mutation leads to absent iris, opaque lens

Question 6

compound leaves

Answer 6

have multiple plants
NAM and CUC genes repress growth, rise tp indentations

Question 7

zygomorphy

Answer 7

L-R symmetry, evolved 38 times
groups with this have more species
eg orchid, if pollinators specific to orchid have mutation, creates new species