Evidence Of Evolution

Question 1

What percentage of organisms become fossils?

Answer 1

Only 1%

Question 2

What is sedimentary rock?

Answer 2

Rocks formed from bits of clay, sand, and rock pressed together

Question 3

What is relative dating?

Answer 3

Determine age by comparing them to fossils in different layers of the rock (the deeper in the ground the fossil is located»»the older is it)

Question 4

What is absolute dating?

Answer 4

Measure rates of radioactive decay (carbon dating). This is otherwise known as half-life

Question 5

What are vestigial organs?

Answer 5

Remains of a structure that was functional in some ancestor but is no longer functional in the organism in question

Question 6

What are homologous structures?

Answer 6

Parts of different species that develop from the same ancestral body part, ex: human hands, whale fins, bird wings

Question 7

What are analogous structures?

Answer 7

Structures that are similar in appearance and function but have different origins, ex: bird and insect wings

Question 8

How old is the earth?

Answer 8

4.6 billion years old approx

Question 9

What is an embryo?

Answer 9

And organism at the early stage of development

Question 10

What is embryo development?

Answer 10

Stages in development that show how closely related organisms may be, ex: those with a common ancestor have many stages of embryological development in common

Question 11

When was the first life on earth?

Answer 11

3.5 billion years ago

Question 12

What are the orders of the eras?

Answer 12

Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Question 13

What separates these eras?

Answer 13

Each era begins and ends with a mass extinction

Question 14

What are Darwin’s three ideas of natural selection?

Answer 14

1. Survival of the fittest
2. Those that are set adapted to their environment will survive
3. Struggle to exsist

Question 15

What is the geological time scale?

Answer 15

How you can tell how old a fossil is based on its location

Question 16

What is the unit to measure radioactive decay (carbon dating)?

Answer 16

Half-life

Question 17

What is evolutionary theory?

Answer 17

Organisms evolve to fit better into their environment

Question 18

What are Lamarck’s three assumptions?

Answer 18

1. Acquired traits choose what traits to pass on
2. Born desire to fit into environment
3. Use/disuse- use a trait and it grows, don’t and it shrinks/goes away

Question 19

What did Lyell and Hutton prove?

Answer 19

That geological forces have been shaping the earth for an extremely long period of time

Question 20

What are the five major tenets?

Answer 20

1. Species change over time
2. The goal of life is to survive and reproduce
3. If you fit into an environment you will live and produce more
4. Changes in species happen slowly over many generations
5. Chance mutations may lead to increased fitness (happens by random chance)

Question 21

According to Darwin, what does “fitness mean”?

Answer 21

Fitness means that your better suited to live/survive

Question 22

What is fossil record?

Answer 22

A history of life on earth found in its rocks