Chapter 11- Genetics

Question 0

True breeding

Answer 0

Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

Scientific study of heredity

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

Specific characteristic

Question 3

Hybrid

Answer 3

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Chemical factors that determine traits

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

The different forms of genes

Question 6

Segregation

Answer 6

Separation of alleles

Question 7

Gamete

Answer 7

Sex cells

Question 8

Probability

Answer 8

Likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 9

Punnet square

Answer 9

Diagram that shows Medel’s separation experiments

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

Two identical traits

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

2 different alleles for the same trait

Question 12

Dominant

Answer 12

The type of trait that is most common

Question 13

Recessive

Answer 13

A trait that is not dominant

Question 14

Phenotype

Answer 14

Physical characteristics

Question 15

Genotype

Answer 15

Genetic makeup

Question 16

Purebred

Answer 16

Homozygous

Question 17

Independent assortment

Answer 17

Independent segregation of genes during formation of gametes

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

Where both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Question 20

Multiple alleles

Answer 20

Genes where they have more than two alleles

Question 21

Polygenic traits

Answer 21

Traits controlled by two or more genes

Question 22

Mendel

Answer 22

Scientist who is considered the father of genetics who tested with pea plants

Question 23

Homologous

Answer 23

Each of the four chromosomes that come from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent

Question 24

Diploid

Answer 24

Cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosm

Question 25

Haploid

Answer 25

Cell that contains only a single set of genes

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

Process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a cell

Question 27

Tetras

Answer 27

Four chromosomes together make this

Question 28

Crossing over

Answer 28

When homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange portions of their chromatids

Question 29

Fruit fly chromosome number

Answer 29

8

Question 30

Gene map

Answer 30

Chart showing the relative locations of each known gene on one of the Drosophila chromosomes

Question 31

Inheritances

Answer 31

Passing down of factors that influence the development of offspring

Question 32

Self-pollination

Answer 32

A flowers own sperm fertilize the ovules

Question 33

Cross-pollination

Answer 33

2 flowers of different plants will fertilize one another

Question 34

P generation

Answer 34

Parent generation

Question 35

F1 generation

Answer 35

First filial//the first results of a parental cross

Question 36

Second filial//F2 generation

Answer 36

Offspring of F1 generation

Question 37

Principal of dominance

Answer 37

One gene (factor) in a pair may prevent the other factor in a gene from being expressed

Question 38

Principle of Segregation//Law of Sperm

Answer 38

Members of each pair of genes separate when gametes are formed (meiosis)

Question 39

Principle of Independent Assortment

Answer 39

Two or more pairs of genes segregate independently of one another during gamete formation