Evidence Based Medicine Flashcards
Prevalence
The total number of cases (of a disease) within the population at any one time
Incidence
The number of new cases of a disease defined as the % of the population who develop the disease over a fixed period of time
Sensitivity
How well the test detects having the disease
Specificity
How well the test detects not having the disease
Sensitivity calculation
True positive/(true positive + false negative) x 100
Specificity calculation
True negative/(true negative + false positive) x 100
Positive predictive values
How reliable is the test result when it shows disease is present
Negative predictive values
how reliable is the test result when it shows disease is not present
External validity
Is the validity of applying the conclusions of a scientific study outside the context of that study
Research is backwards in time and depends on participants recalling what they have/haven’t been exposed to
Case-control study
Looks at a group of people and follows them up over time
Cohort study
Which study design allows you to calculate incidence?
Cohort study
Carried out at a single point in time
Cross-sectional study
Which study design allows you to calculate prevalence?
Cross-sectional study
