Evidence Flashcards

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1
Q

When is a declarant’s prior statement identifying someone she perceived earlier not considered hearsay under the Federal Rules?

A

if the Declarant is now testifying at trial and subject to cross-examination about the prior statement

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2
Q

When is evidence of repairs or other precautionary measures made following an injury admissible?

A

When used to rebut a claim by Defendant that the repair or precaution was not feasible

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3
Q

What is logical relevance definition?

A

Evidence is relevant if it has any tendency to prove or disprove a material fact

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4
Q

What is legal relevance / definition?

A

Balancing test, otherwise relevant evidence can be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the:
- danger of unfair prejudice
- confusion of issues
- misleading the jury
- wasting time

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5
Q

When is evidence of subsequent remedial measures still allowed?

A
  • To prove ownership or control of instrumentality
  • To rebut a claim that a precaution was impossible or infeasible
  • To show that other party destroyed evidence
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6
Q

When is liability insurance admissible?

A

Not admissible to prove negligence, or ability to pay a judgment.

Admissible to prove ownership or control, or for impeachment

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7
Q

Are offers to pay medical expenses admissible?

A

FRE - no, but related facts are admissible

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8
Q

When does the exclusion for settlement offers not apply (meaning the evidence is still admissible)?

A

Since it only applies to a disputed claim, admissible if a claim has not yet been made.

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9
Q

What are the two requirements for a witness to be competent?

A
  1. Personal knowledge of the matter
  2. Must declare he will testify truthfully
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10
Q

Can a judge call witnesses and/or ask questions of witnesses?

A

Can call witnesses and ask questions of any witness

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11
Q

When is lay opinion testimony admissible?

A
  • rationally based on witness’s perceptions and
  • helpful to trier of fact
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12
Q

What are the requirements for admissibility of expert testimony?

A
  • Specialized knowledge will assist trier of fact in understanding
  • witness is qualified as an expert
  • Testimony is based on sufficient facts or data
  • Testimony is product of reliable principles and methods
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13
Q

What can an expert’s opinion be based on?

A
  1. Firsthand knowledge
  2. observation of prior witnesses, or
  3. Hypothetical question posed by counsel
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14
Q

What is the Daubert standard for reliability?

A

a. Peer reviewed/published in scientific journals
b. tested and subject to retesting
c. known for a low error rate
d. subject to a reasonable level of acceptance

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15
Q

Under FRE, to which cases does the spousal immunity privilege apply?

A

Criminal cases only

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16
Q

When is character evidence allowed in civil court?

A

Can be used in a case where character is “at issue” and is an essential element

17
Q

When a defendant testifies, which character traits does he put at issue?

A

Credibility and character for truthfulness

18
Q

On direct examination, what evidence of defendant’s character can be raised?

A

Only reputation/opinion evidence.

NO specific acts evidence

19
Q

On Cross-exam, what is a limitation of character evidence?

A

When asking about specific acts, cannot introduce extrinsic evidence regarding the specific act

20
Q

When are specific acts admissible in criminal rape/sexual assault cases?

A

To show
- third party is the source of semen or injury to the victim or
- prior acts of consensual intercourse with D or
- constitutionally required

21
Q

What are “other purposes” for which character evidence is allowed?

A

To show:
1. Intent to commit the act
2. Preparation to commit act
3. Identity of perpetrator
4. Knowledge of some fact or event
5. Absence of mistake or accident
6. Motive to commit the crime
7. Opportunity to commit the act
8. Plan or scheme

I PIK A MOP

22
Q

When is evidence of similar happenings admissible?

A

If the events are substantially similar

23
Q

What are the five main methods of impeachment?

A
  1. Character for truthfulness
  2. Prior inconsistent statements
  3. Bias
  4. Sensory or mental defect
  5. Contradiction by another witness
24
Q

When is extrinsic evidence permitted to impeach a witness for a prior inconsistent statement (PIS)?

A

Only if:
1. witness is given the opportunity to explain or deny PIS and
- Proponent of the PIS can interrogate the impeaching witness

25
Q

When using bias to impeach, is extrinsic evidence allowed?

A

EE is allowed if the witness has an opportunity to explain or deny

26
Q

What are the rules for impeaching with a crimen falsi?

A

All crimes involving false statement are admissible and judge cannot exclude under legal relevance balancing test UNLESS conviction is more than 10 years old