Constitutional Law Flashcards

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1
Q

Does Congress have the power to regulate the Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction?

A

Yes, Article III explicitly gives Congress the power to make exceptions to their appellate jurisdiction

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2
Q

What sort of regulations can a government make on content-neutral speech?

A

Can regulate time, place, or manner if it satisfies intermediate scrutiny

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3
Q

What is the intermediate scrutiny test for content-neutral speech restrictions?

A

Government must show that
1) regulation is narrowly tailored,
2) to achieve a significant government interest, AND
3) it leaves open alternative channels of communication

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4
Q

What is a public forum?

A

Place traditionally available to public for speech (i.e. parks, streets, sidewalks)

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5
Q

What is a designated forum?

A

Place not traditionally open to speech but government chose to make it available (e.g. school classroom for meetings)

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6
Q

What is a limited forum?

A

Non-public forum specifically designated by the government as open for certain groups/topics

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7
Q

What is a non-public forum?

A

Public places limited for speech (e.g. military base, airport, jail)

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8
Q

What is the test for obscenity?

A

Material is obscene and not protected when it:
1) appeals to prurient interest in sex of an average person under today’s community standards;
2) is patently offensive; AND
3) lacks any serious artistic, literary, or scientific value (national standard)

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9
Q

How can government regulate truthful, non-misleading commercial speech?

A

Regulation is okay if it:
1) Directly advances,
2) a substantial governmental interest AND
3) Is no more extensive than necessary (reasonably tailored) to serve that interest

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10
Q

Which sort of government employee speech is never protected?

A

If a government employee speaks pursuant to official duties

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11
Q

What is the two-step test for speech protection for government employees?

A

1) Did employee speak as a citizen on matter of public concern? If no, not protected.
2) If yes, did govt. entity have adequate justification for treating the employee differently from member of gen. public?

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12
Q

What must a P prove for a defamation claim when P is a public official/figure?

A

Must prove “actual malice” which means D spoke with
a) recklessness OR
b) knowledge of statement’s falsity

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13
Q

What level of scrutiny/test is applied to government regulation of free association with a group?

A

Can only regulate right to freely associate in a group if satisfies strict scrutiny

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