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Professional Nursing Concepts 4 > Evidence > Flashcards

Evidence Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Evidence-based Practice (EBP) used for?

A

To form a bridge between research and nursing practice

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2
Q

Define research

A

A formal systematic way of answering a question or approaching a problem

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3
Q

Define evidence:

A

Clinical knowledge, expert opinion, or information resulting from research

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4
Q

What 3 components are included in EBP’s definition?

A
  1. Best evidence from most current research available
  2. Nurse’s clinical expertise
  3. Patient’s preferences which reflect: Needs, interests, and choices
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5
Q

When can nurses use EBP in clinical practice?

A

To improve patient care as they:

  1. Collaborate with other disciplines
  2. Assist patients through the system in various roles
  3. Ensure open, effective communication and continuity among healthcare team members, patients, and families
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6
Q

What can using EBP help nurses to do?

A
  1. ensure credibility of their profession

2. provide accountability for nursing care

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7
Q

What is quantitative research?

A

Uses precise measurement to collect data, analyze it statistically

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8
Q

What is Qualitative research?

A

Investigates a question through narrative data exploring subjective experiences

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9
Q

Where can funding for research come from?

A
  1. professional nursing organizations
  2. Corporations
  3. Foundations
  4. State agencies
  5. Federal organizations
  6. Awards given in all areas of nursing
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10
Q

What must a nurse think about when choosing participants for research?

A
  1. age, weight, gender, medical history
  2. type, the present stage of disease
  3. Present medications taken
  4. Qualifiers can be categorized as inclusion (acceptable) or exclusion (not acceptable) criteria for participation
  5. Vulnerable populations are subject to strict legal and ethical considerations (neonates, human fetuses, children, prisoners, educationally disadvantaged individuals, and cognitively impaired individuals)
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11
Q

What are research participants?

A

Volunteers for a specific study project who:

  1. Meet all inclusion criteria
  2. Have been informed of all aspects of study
  3. Have signed informed consent
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12
Q

What ethical and legal statutes must be followed for research?

A
  1. institutional review boards review research protocols to ensure that they adhere to ethical standards
  2. research must adhere to three main ethical principles
  3. They must have informed consent
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13
Q

What are the three main ethical principles?

A
  1. Respect for persons (acknowledging, protecting the autonomy of all potential participants)
  2. Beneficence (Protection of participants from injury, harm, and exploitation)
  3. Justice (Fair treatment of all participants)
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14
Q

What must be included in informed consent for research?

A
  1. the right to receive full disclosure and information regarding the study
  2. The right to withdraw from the study at any time
  3. Given in written form before the study begins
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15
Q

What are the steps to developing evidence-based practice?

A
  1. Develop a clinical question
  2. Retrieve the evidence
  3. Evaluate the Evidence
  4. Apply the evidence
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16
Q

What is PICOT and why is it used?

A

A mnemonic used to define, formulate a clinical question for EBP

17
Q

What is PICOT stand for?

A
  1. Population of patients or Problem of interest
  2. Intervention, prognostic factor, or type of exposure
  3. Comparison of interventions or main alternative to intervention (including no intervention)
  4. Outcomes (the desired effect)
  5. Time frame (optional)
18
Q

What is included in step 2 of Developing Evidence-based practice?

A
  1. Review of pertinent literature
  2. Nursing databases and resource links can yield a list of articles related to the question
  3. local reference librarians can help with access to electronic databases
  4. Many libraries have access to nursing journals
  5. Nurse can network with local chapters of professional organizations
19
Q

What is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality?

A
  1. funds 13 Evidence-based practice centers
  2. reviews all relevant scientific literature
  3. synthesizes evidence
  4. Help to translate evidence-based research findings
20
Q

What is included in step 3 of developing evidence-based practice?

A
  1. Evidence must be appraised for validity, reliability, and usefulness
  2. Nurses must be able to critique research articles to identify strengths and weaknesses of studies and their resulting evidence
  3. Appraisal answers the question: “Is the comparison difference significant enough to change nursing practice?”
  4. Categorize
  5. Rating evidence helps to identify the best choices
21
Q

What do Green, yellow, and red mean in regards to research?

A

Green: Strong evidence supports interventions

  1. Not enough evidence to determine the effectiveness
  2. Red: Strong evidence that interventions likely to be ineffective or harmful
22
Q

What is involved in Step 4 of Developing Evidence-based practice?

A
  1. integrate the best evidence with the nurse’s own clinical experience and patient preferences
  2. Evaluate the change in practice for an impact on patient outcomes
  3. If change is beneficial, work with management to modify the facility’s policies and procedures to reflect the new practice
23
Q

What topics of evidence-based resources are there related to newborns and infants?

A

screening protocols for phenylketonuria and sickle cell disease

24
Q

What are the healthy People 2020 objectives for children?

A
  1. reducing child mortality rates, decreasing the incidence of transmission of preventable diseases among children
  2. Increase access to physician-led patient-centered, coordinated health services for children with special needs
25
Q

What are some topics of evidence-based resources related to children?

A
  1. vaccination programs
  2. obesity prevention
  3. Screening for visual impairments
26
Q

What are the Healthy People 2020 objectives for Adolescents?

A
  1. Reducing adolescent mortality rate
  2. Increasing proportion of adolescents with special healthcare needs who get patient care within comprehensive, coordinated, family-centered system
27
Q

What are some topics of evidence-based resources related to Adolescents?

A
  1. vaccination programs
  2. Obesity prevention
  3. Reduction of secondhand smoke exposure
28
Q

What are the Healthy People 2020 objectives for Pregnant Women?

A
  1. Reducing mortality rates
  2. Reducing rate of pregnancy-related complications
  3. Reducing cesarean births among women at low risk for complications
29
Q

What are some topics of evidence-based resources related to Pregnant Women?

A
  1. preventing excessive alcohol consumption by pregnant women
  2. Educating mothers about breastfeeding
  3. Screening for illnesses such as hepatitis B, bacterial vaginosis
30
Q

What are the Healthy People 2020 objectives for Adults?

A
  1. Genomics (More accurate risk prediction, diagnosis, treatment of many health alterations)
  2. Global health (protecting health of national populations, limiting international transmission of infectious diseases)
31
Q

What are the Healthy People 2020 objectives for older adults?

A
  1. an increasing number of individuals up to date on basic preventive care
  2. Decreasing incidence of health alterations, such as pressure injuries, fall-related injuries
32
Q

What are some topics of evidence-based resources related to older adults?

A

Screening for illnesses such as breast cancer and colorectal cancer

33
Q

What are the strategies to implement Evidence-based practice?

A
  1. self-assessment to determine how much of current nursing practice is evidence-based
  2. assess obstacles preventing more frequent use of EBP
  3. Practice raising questions about current clinical practices and problem-solving
  4. Acquire more information to correct misperceptions
  5. If time is limited, focus on evidence from on high-yield sources
  6. Use the internet to cut down the time
  7. Learn how to do a critical appraisal of evidence
  8. build awareness of how and why things are done
  9. Identify others interested in searching for and evaluating evidence for collaboration
  10. Volunteer to participate in a professional nursing practice committee
  11. participate in a research project
34
Q

What are some barriers to evidence-based practice?

A
  1. work schedule and workload demands
  2. Patient preferences that might conflict
  3. Lack of access to technology
  4. limited knowledge of skills for finding and evaluating evidence
  5. lack of experience and confidence
  6. Lack of support from supervisors or agency personnel
  7. Lack of access to continuing education programs
  8. Attitudes of individual nurses
  9. Resistance to change from traditional patient care routines

Professional Nursing Concepts 4 (11 decks)

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