Everything Flashcards
(41 cards)
Epidermis- def
Protects the leaf, stops viruses and bacteria from entering the leaf
Palisade mesophyll
Most photosynthesis occurs here as it contains lots of chloroplasts
Spongy mesophyll
Not as much photosynthesis occurs here as the palisade, as it has less chloroplasts, allows easy movement of gases
Vein
Carries water in the xylem and food in the phloem
Guard cells
Increase and decrease in size to control size of stomata
Stomata
Small pores allow gases in and out of the leaf and how water is lost from the leaf. There are more stomata on the lower surface of the leaf.
Perisitalists
Is the involuntary construction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or other canal creating wave like movements which, push the contents of the canal forward
How is bacteria destroyed in the stomach?
The stomach acid is very strong, it does and will kill the majority of bacteria that get into the stomach each day.
What are villi?
They are tiny finger shaped structures that increase the surface area. They transport absorbed food from the small intestine to the liver.
What is an enzyme?
It breaks down large bits of food into soluble parts.
What is amylase, protease and lipase?
Amylase- breaks down carbohydrates into energy and starch into sugar.
Protease- breaks down protein into amino acids
Lipase- breaks down fats into fatty acids
What are the five processes of digestion?
Egestion- the removal of food
Ingestion- eating
Digestion- breaking down food into soluble substances to be absorbed into the blood.
Absorption- when soluble substances enter the blood stream
Assimilation- soluble products in the blood reach body cells where they are used
What is the circulatory system?
It carries food molecules and oxygen to cells and takes away any unwanted waste e.g carbon dioxide via the blood.
What is the respiratory system?
Oxygen is taken into our bodies via the lungs and carbon dioxide is removed. The oxygen is absorbed into the blood and it travels to the heart and is then pumped to the rest of our body cells
What is a healthy diet and why should you not eat too much fat?
A healthy diet is eating the right amounts of each food group and we shouldn’t eat too much because it can clog up our arteries with cholesterol over time.
What is the sum for working out energy in food?
Energy in 1g of food = rise in temp x volume of water x 4.2kj
What are the different food tests?
Benidicts test- to detect sugar. Blue to green to a brick red
Biuret test- to detect protein. Pale blue to a violet
Paper spot test- to detect fat. Translucent mark
Starch test- to detect starch. Orange/ yellow to blue black
Label digestive system
Mouth, epiglottis, oesophagus, stomach, bile duct, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, diaphragm, liver, gall bladder, appendix, anus
Label diagram of lungs ( respiratory system)
Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, pleural membrane, bronchiole, alveolus, heart, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, nasal passage, mouth, larynx(voice box), ribs and lungs
What’s the equation for reparation?
Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is aerobic respiration?
It is the process of producing,cellular energy involving oxygen.
Why do we respirate?
We need to respirate to supply our cells with the oxygen they need and for us to survive
How Dow e get rid of bacteria that we inhale. ?
Tiny hair called cilla covering the walls of our air tubes move the mucus upwards so we can spit it or swallow.
Why do we need energy?
For movement ( muscle contration). Making new chemicals Growth and repair Moving substances taking minerals Nervous impulses Temperature regulation (keeping body temp at 37c)