Everything

Question 1

Epidermis- def

Answer 1

Protects the leaf, stops viruses and bacteria from entering the leaf

Question 2

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 2

Most photosynthesis occurs here as it contains lots of chloroplasts

Question 3

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 3

Not as much photosynthesis occurs here as the palisade, as it has less chloroplasts, allows easy movement of gases

Question 4

Vein

Answer 4

Carries water in the xylem and food in the phloem

Question 5

Guard cells

Answer 5

Increase and decrease in size to control size of stomata

Question 6

Stomata

Answer 6

Small pores allow gases in and out of the leaf and how water is lost from the leaf. There are more stomata on the lower surface of the leaf.

Question 7

Perisitalists

Answer 7

Is the involuntary construction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or other canal creating wave like movements which, push the contents of the canal forward

Question 8

How is bacteria destroyed in the stomach?

Answer 8

The stomach acid is very strong, it does and will kill the majority of bacteria that get into the stomach each day.

Question 9

What are villi?

Answer 9

They are tiny finger shaped structures that increase the surface area. They transport absorbed food from the small intestine to the liver.

Question 10

What is an enzyme?

Answer 10

It breaks down large bits of food into soluble parts.

Question 11

What is amylase, protease and lipase?

Answer 11

Amylase- breaks down carbohydrates into energy and starch into sugar.
Protease- breaks down protein into amino acids
Lipase- breaks down fats into fatty acids

Question 12

What are the five processes of digestion?

Answer 12

Egestion- the removal of food
Ingestion- eating
Digestion- breaking down food into soluble substances to be absorbed into the blood.
Absorption- when soluble substances enter the blood stream
Assimilation- soluble products in the blood reach body cells where they are used

Question 13

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 13

It carries food molecules and oxygen to cells and takes away any unwanted waste e.g carbon dioxide via the blood.

Question 14

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 14

Oxygen is taken into our bodies via the lungs and carbon dioxide is removed. The oxygen is absorbed into the blood and it travels to the heart and is then pumped to the rest of our body cells

Question 15

What is a healthy diet and why should you not eat too much fat?

Answer 15

A healthy diet is eating the right amounts of each food group and we shouldn’t eat too much because it can clog up our arteries with cholesterol over time.

Question 16

What is the sum for working out energy in food?

Answer 16

Energy in 1g of food = rise in temp x volume of water x 4.2kj

Question 17

What are the different food tests?

Answer 17

Benidicts test- to detect sugar. Blue to green to a brick red
Biuret test- to detect protein. Pale blue to a violet
Paper spot test- to detect fat. Translucent mark
Starch test- to detect starch. Orange/ yellow to blue black

Question 18

Label digestive system

Answer 18

Mouth, epiglottis, oesophagus, stomach, bile duct, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, diaphragm, liver, gall bladder, appendix, anus

Question 19

Label diagram of lungs ( respiratory system)

Answer 19

Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, pleural membrane, bronchiole, alveolus, heart, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, nasal passage, mouth, larynx(voice box), ribs and lungs

Question 20

What’s the equation for reparation?

Answer 20

Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 21

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

It is the process of producing,cellular energy involving oxygen.

Question 22

Why do we respirate?

Answer 22

We need to respirate to supply our cells with the oxygen they need and for us to survive

Question 23

How Dow e get rid of bacteria that we inhale. ?

Answer 23

Tiny hair called cilla covering the walls of our air tubes move the mucus upwards so we can spit it or swallow.

Question 24

Why do we need energy?

Answer 24

For movement ( muscle contration).
Making new chemicals 
Growth and repair
Moving substances taking minerals 
Nervous impulses 
Temperature regulation (keeping body temp at 37c)

Question 25

What is in air?

Answer 25

Gas. Breath in. Breath out
Oxygen. 21%. 16%
C oxide. 0.04%. 4%
Nitrogen 78%. 78%
Water v. A little. A lot

Question 26

What are the three main factors of diffusion of gases in the alveoli?

Answer 26

Large surface area
Short distance
Diffusion gradient

Question 27

Alveoli

Answer 27

They are adapted to carry out gas exchange quickly
They have very moist thin walls so gases pass through them
They are also surrounded by capillaries
They are small only0.2mm in diameter and, give the lungs a spongy texture and huge surface space.

Question 28

What happens to your breathing in asthma?

Answer 28

Asthma develops when the bronchial tubes swollen or inflamed. The muscles around the tubes contract to make them narrow they are partly blocked by mucus. The narrowing tubes causes wheezing breathing, which usually happens because of an allergy to dust or chemicals.

Question 29

What are the main chemicals in cigarettes?

Answer 29

Nicotine- colourless, addictive, powerful poison
Tar- sticky brown substance, stains fingers and teeth yellow and collects in the lungs
Carbon monoxide- odourless gas, bind to red blood cells better than oxygen
Ammonia- strong smelling, usually used as a cleaning fluid

Question 30

What are some smoking related diseases?

Answer 30

Bronchitis

Lining of the bronchiole swells due to irritation by smoke and bacteria.

Question 31

What is germination?

Answer 31

It involves the breaking open of the seed coat and the development of structures that will eventually become the stem and root of the plant.

Question 32

What conditions are needed for germination?

Answer 32

Water, warmth and oxygen

Question 33

What chemicals do plants need and why?

Answer 33

They need calcium to build new cells, magnesium for chlorophyll formation and nitrogen for amino acid and protein formation

Question 34

What happens to plants without a certain chemical?

Answer 34

Without nitrogen- the upper leaves go pale green, lower go yellow and dead and week stalk
Without potassium- they go yellow with dark spots
Without phosphorus- the leaves go purple and small
Without magnesium- upper leaves normal lower go pale green or yellow leaves turn yellow from the bottom upwards

Question 35

What is the equation?

Answer 35

Carbon dioxide+ water —) glucose + oxygen

Question 36

What is destarching a plant and when is it used?

Answer 36

Destarching occurs when part of a plant is “deprived of starch, as by translocation”. It is also the process of eliminating starch reserves in a plant for experiments concerning photosynthesis. … Due to the lack of photosynthesis in this place, stored starch is used up, thus the plant is destarched.

Question 37

Can you describe the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 37

Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.

Question 38

Which one only occurs at night?

Answer 38

Respiration occurs at night
Respiration is essential to plants because it is the process by which energy is released from glucose produced during photosynthesis

Question 39

At what part of the day do the balance of photosynthesis and respiration differ?

Answer 39

At midday when the light intensity is high the rate of photosynthesis is faster than respiration. When this happens carbon dioxide moves into the leaves and oxygen leaves the stomata

Question 40

What colour is red hydrogen carbonate indicator in high carbon dioxide and low carbon dioxide levels?

Answer 40

In high carbon dioxide levels it is yellow

At low levels it is purple

Question 41

What happens to indicator solution if both a snail and a pond plant are present in a test tube in high light levels?

Answer 41

The inductor solution with a plant and a snail , in high light, it stays red.