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Biology > Cells 2020 Yr 11 > Flashcards

Cells 2020 Yr 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant cell parts

A 
Cell wall cellulose
Cytoplasm 
Chloroplasts 
Cell membrane
Nucleus 
Nuclear membrane 
Vacuole 
Mitochondria
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2
Q

Animal cell parts

A 
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Nucleus
Nucleus membrane 
Mitochondria
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3
Q

Bacterial cell parts

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Plasmids
Cell wall non cellulose

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

Forms a boundary to the cell and is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and leaves

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Site of chemical reactions

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Control centre of the cell containing genetic information in the form of chromosomes, surrounded by a nuclear membrane

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7
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Boundary of nucleus; controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Sites of cell respiration

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose a rigid structure that provides support (bacterial cell has a non-cellulose cell wall)

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10
Q

Vacuole

A

Contains cell sap and provides support

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11
Q

Plasmids

A

Small circular rings of dna

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12
Q

Mag and actual size

A

Mag = observed size/ actual size

Actual size = ob size/ mag

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13
Q

Scale bars n micro metres

A

1 metre = 10 to the power of 6

1 millimetre = 10 to the power of 3

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14
Q

Magnification

A

Objection lens x eye lens
Low - x4
Med - x10
High - x40

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15
Q

What is resolution

A

Is the ability of a microscope to distinguish detail in an image

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16
Q

Cheek cells

A 
Stab inside of cheek
Smear on micro scope slide 
Add one drop of methylene blue stain 
Cover with cover slip 
Etc
17
Q

Concentration gradient

A

If the difference in the concentration between the high and low concentration areas is large, then diffusion will occur faster

18
Q

Temp

A

The higher the temp the more kinetic energy the molecules have. They will move faster, increasing the rate of diffusion

19
Q

Surface area

A

The larger the surface area through which the diffusion takes place, the faster diffusion occurs

20
Q

Diffusion

A

Is the random movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

21
Q

The effect of surface area and volume on diffusion

A

The rate at which substances diffuse into and out of cells depends on several factors, most importantly the surface area of the cell and its volume. The diagram and table below shows how surface area and volume change as a cell becomes larger.

22
Q

Cells

A

Are the building blocks of life, there are millions of them in your body. The cells of your body are organised according to what they do.

23
Q

Tissues

A

Cells with the that have similar function are grouped together to form a tissue. For example, in animals skin cells are grouped together to form skin tissue, muscle cells grouped together to form muscle tissue and nerve cells are grouped together to form brain tissue

24
Q

Organs

A

An organ is a structure made up of several types of tissue that work together to carry out a particular function. Eg the heart is an organ that contains muscle, nerve and blood tissues and these tissues all work together to pump blood around body

25
Q

Organ systems

A

Is when several different types of organs that work together to carry out a particular function. Eg digestive system is made up of stomach, small intestine, large one, etc

26
Q

Organism

A

An organism is where all the organ systems are grouped together to form a complex living thing

27
Q

The organism of cells into tissues, organs and organ systems

A

Improves exchange with the environment eg lungs and gaseous exchange
Helps transport substances around the body eg the circulatory system
Helps communication between cells eg nervous system and hormones

28
Q

Organ system ( excretory)

A

Maintaining water balance and removing poisonous wastes

Eg kidney, urethra, ureter and bladder

29
Q

Organ systems ( reproductive )

A

Production of young eg testes, ovaries and uterus

30
Q

Organ system ( nervous )

A

Respond to stimuli and making responses eg brain, spinal cord, receptors (eg) eye, effectors ( muscle)

31
Q

Stem cell

A

Simple cells in animals and plants that can continue to divide to produce more stem cells which in turn can change into one or several types of specialised cells
Are the very simple and UNDIFFERENTIATED/ UNSPECIALISED cells that are found in young animal embryos ( including human embryos. )
Long before they bec9me recognisable as a particular type of living organism

32
Q

Stem cells ( can be found )

A

Placenta
Embryos not used ivf fertility treatments
The umbilical cord

33
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

Derived from embryos
Grew in lab
Found in umbilical cord, placenta and embryos not used in ivf
Tested to see if exhibit fundamental properties
As long as embryonic stem cells in culture are grown under appropriate conditions, they can remain undifferentiated/ unspecialised

34
Q

Adult stem cells

A

Is a undifferentiated cell
Present in tissues eg brain, blood vessels, bone marrow, peripheral blood, skin, teeth, skeletal muscle, liver, gut, heart
Renew itself and can differentiate to some of all the major specialised cell types

35
Q

Difference between adult and embryonic stem cells

A

Is their different abilities in the number and type of differentiated cell types they can become

Biology (7 decks)

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