Ever changing earth

Question 1

What are the layers of the Earth?

Answer 1

Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core

Question 2

What is the inner core made from?

Answer 2

Iron + Nickel

Question 3

What is the mantle made from?

Answer 3

Liquid Rock (magma)

Question 4

Where do most earthquakes occur?

Answer 4

Plate boundaries

Question 5

What are three pieces of evidence for continental drift?

Answer 5

• South America and Africa look like they fit
• Some fossils found on both coastlines
• Same age and rock types on both continents

Question 6

What was the one landmass before the continents spread out called?

Answer 6

Pangea

Question 7

How do plates move?

Answer 7

Mantle convection currents (like in physics but with rock)

Question 8

What is a destructive/convergent plate boundary?

Answer 8

When an ocean plate meets a continental plate: The less dense continental plate rises over the oceanic plate, which melts. Volcanoes can form.

When a continental meets a continental: Similar densities cause plates to buckle and fold to create mountain ranges

Question 9

What is a constructive plate boundary?

Answer 9

Plates move apart. Magma rises into the gap created, which cools and forms new rock.

1. Plates move apart
2. Magma rises into gap created
3. It cools and forms new rock

Question 10

What is a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 10

Plates slide past each other in opposite or same direction. Friction occurs. Sometimes they go a long time without moving, but then suddenly overcome friction and energy is released as earthquakes.

1. Plates slide past each other in opposite/same direction
2. Friction occurs
3. Sometimes they go a long time without moving but
4. They can suddenly overcome friction
5. Energy released as earthquake

Question 11

What are the three main rock types and how they form?

Answer 11

Igneous - cooled magma
Sedimentary - Eroded sediment compressed in layers over millions of years
Metamorphic - Rocks changed by heat or pressure

Question 12

What is the most common gas in the atmosphere today?

Answer 12

Nitrogen, 78%

Question 13

How has the Earth’s atmosphere changed over time?

Answer 13

1. Main gases present in atmosphere at first phase: CO2, H2O, CH4, NH3
2. Temperature drops below 100 degrees and H2O condenses into rain that forms oceans. It rains a ton, almost as much as wales today (hehe)
3. Around 3.4 billion years ago first bacteria happened. They did photosynthesis and stuff to produce O2 gas
4. Methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) react with the new oxygen to produce water, CO2, and nitrogen
5. Some CO2 has already dissolved in the oceans, but remaining carbon dioxide gets locked into fossil fuels and rocks

Question 14

What is acid rain made from?

Answer 14

Sulfur Dioxide reacting with oxygen + water to lower pH with weak acid.

Question 15

What does acid rain do? (bad)

List the 3 bad thingies :(

Answer 15

Kill tree
Causes lake to be acid
Reacts and damages limestone :(