evaluating diagnosis Flashcards
Since when have men been diagnosed with schizophrenia more often than women?
Since the 1980s
Longenecker et al, 2010
What might explain the lower diagnosis rates of schizophrenia in women?
Women may function better and have good interpersonal skills that mask symptoms
Cotton et al, 2009
What concept did Broverman et al. (1970) illustrate regarding gender bias in diagnosis?
Androcentrism
Clinicians equated mentally healthy ‘adult’ behavior with mentally healthy ‘male’ behavior.
Which groups are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
African Americans and those of Afro-Caribbean origin
This suggests a cultural bias in diagnosis.
What cultural factors may influence the perception of positive symptoms in African cultures?
Positive symptoms may be seen as ‘experiences’ rather than irrational
They may be labeled as ‘bazar’.
What issue arises from symptom overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder?
It questions the validity of diagnosis and classification
Both disorders share positive symptoms like delusions and negative symptoms like avolition.
What does comorbidity refer to?
The occurrence of two illnesses or conditions together
For example, schizophrenia and a personality disorder.
What did Buckley et al. (2009) conclude about the comorbidity of schizophrenia?
Around 50% have depression and 47% have substance abuse
Other comorbid conditions include PTSD (29%) and OCD (23%).
What is reliability in diagnosis?
The level of agreement among psychiatrists on a single diagnosis
It must be repeatable and consistent.
What statistical measures are used to ensure the reliability of a diagnosis?
Intraclass correlation (ICC) and kappa score
A kappa score of 0.7 or more is considered reliable.
What is the DSM-V kappa score for schizophrenia?
0.46
This indicates a lower level of reliability for the diagnosis.
