diagnosis and symptoms Flashcards
what are positive symptoms?
those that appear to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions
what are negative symptoms?
those that appear to reflect a diminution or loss of normal functions
what systems of classification and diagnosis are there? what do they require for diagnosis?
DSM-5 - 2 or more positive symptoms present for diagnosis
ICD-10 - 2 or more negative symptoms present for diagnosis
dsm-5 diagnosis
- atleast 2 of following symptoms present for a big portion of time during a 1 month period e.g delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech
- social and occupational dysfunction
- disturbance must be present for a minimum of 6 months
what are the 8 different types of symptoms for schizophrenia
positive : hallucinations, disorganised speech, delusions, grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
negative : speech poverty, anhedonia, avolition, affective flattening
what are hallucinations?
sensory experiences that have no basis in reality or distorted perceptions of real things. experienced in relation to any sense. for example, hearing voices or seeing people who aren’t there.
what is speech poverty?
a reduction in the amount and quality of speech. may include a delay in verbal responses during conversation. dsm emphasise speech disorganisation and incoherence.
what is anhedonia?
a loss of interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities, or a lack of reactivity to normally pleasurable stimuli.
what is disorganised speech?
the result of abnormal thought processes, where the individual has problems organising his or her thoughts and this shows up in their speech.
what are delusions?
beliefs that have no basis in reality - make a person with schizophrenia behave in ways that make sense to them but are bizarre to others. for example beliefs about being a very important person or the victim of a conspiracy.
what is avolition?
severe loss of motivation to carry out everyday tasks (e.g. work, hobbies, personal care). results in lowered activity levels and unwillingness to carry out goal-directed behaviours.
what is affective flattening?
a reduction in the range and intensity of emotion expression, including facial expression, voice tone, eye contact and body language.
what is grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour?
includes the inability or motivation to initiate a tsk, or to complete it once it started, which leads to difficulties in daily living and can results in decreased interest in personal hygiene.
