evaluate Loftus and Palmer's 1974 classic study (16)

Question 1

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Answer 1

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-aims, iv and dv:
-aims: to test the hypothesis that the language used in a EWT can alter memory and recall, and to see the impact of leading questions on EWT
-iv: (expt 1) the use of leading verbs (“smashed”, “collided”, “hit”, “bumped”, “contacted”)
-iv: (expt 2) the use of a leading question (“did you see any broken glass?”)
-dv: (expt 1) the mean estimations of speed (in mph)
-dv: (expt 2) if ppts recalled seeing glass or not

Question 2

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Answer 2

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-sample:
-independent measures design
-expt 1 had 45 ppts, 9 ppts in each condition
-expt 2 has 150 ppts, 50 ppts in each condition

Question 3

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Answer 3

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-procedure
-expt 1: 7 films were shown, each lasting 5-30 secs, depicting a traffic accident. After watching eachfilm, ppts were given a questionnaire to fill out: the critical Q asked about the speed of the vehicles “how fast were the cars going when they [leading verb] each other?”
-expt 2: ppts shown a short film that showed a car accident and were asked Qs about it in 3 groups (group 1: “hit”, group 2: “ smashed”, group 3: no comment on speed.) A week later they were all brought back and asked “did you see any broken glass?” (there was none in the film)

Question 4

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Answer 4

AO1
-findings and conc:
-expt 1: “smashed” avg. speed est. 40.5mph vs “hit” avg. speed est. 34.0mph
-expt 2: ppts who were in group 1 (“smashed”) were more likely to think there was broken glass