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EV1005 Environmental Porcessas and Global Change > EV1005 - L4 Ecology and Environmental Change > Flashcards

EV1005 - L4 Ecology and Environmental Change Flashcards

1
Q

Define ecology

A

The study of how organisms interact with their living and non-living environment

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2
Q

Define biotic

A

Living organisms

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3
Q

Define abiotic

A

Non-living substances or forces

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4
Q

Define species

A

Organisms that are genetically similar enough to breed and produce fertile ofspring

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5
Q

Define population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place at the same time

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6
Q

Define habitat

A

the place where an individual or population normally lives. Its “address”

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7
Q

Define niche

A

the role that an organism plays in an ecosystem. Its “profession”

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8
Q

What causes niche divergence?

A

If 2 species share the same resource, one will eventually take a greater share of it and the other adapts to obtain another resource (or dies out)

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9
Q

What are 2 examples of niche divergence?

A

Lions and Leopards - Lions take the larger
prey
Swallows and Bats - Swallows catch insects during the day and bats at night

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10
Q

Define ecosystem

A

a community of different species interacting with each other and with abiotic environment

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11
Q

What does an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) determine

A

The presence or absence of threatened species

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12
Q

When is an environmental Impact Statement needed?

A

When proposing to develop new land. eg. housing estates, golf courses, mines

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13
Q

How does complexity of a community/ecosystem effect conservation attempts?

A

more complex communities/ecosystems are harder to obtain information on all the factors contributing to the health of them and impacts are harder to predict because of the complex food webs

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14
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species whose activities affect some fundamental ecosystem processes. eg dung beetles removing and burring dung. Cassowaries dispersing seeds

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15
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

An organism indicative of a particular environment or set of environmental conditions. An “environmental canary”. eg. trout need clean water with high oxygen

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16
Q

What is an umbrella species?

A

A species whose occupancy area (plants) or range (animals) are large enough and whose habitat requirements are large enough that their protection will help other animals be protected. eg. orangutans

17
Q

What is a flagship species?

A

A popular, charismatic species that serves as a symbol and rallying point to stimulate conservation awareness and action. eg. panda (WWF), elephants

18
Q

Define anthropocentric change

A

Change made by humans. eg. development, mining, agriculture

19
Q

What are examples of aperiodic environmental change? (3)

A

Cyclones
Tsunamis
Fires

20
Q

What are examples of pervasive or regular environmental change? (3)

A

Global warming
Increased CO2
Downstream inpacts

21
Q

What are the 3 responses to environmental change?

A

Stay and adapt
Move
Die out

22
Q

What influences a species ability to cope with change? (4)

A

Population size
Population density
Dispersion
Magnitude and scale of impact

23
Q

What defines an r selected species? (6)

A 
Many offspring
Small offspring
Little or no parental care
Opportunistic breeders
Large fluctuations on population size
Often prey
24
Q

What defines a K selected species? (6)

A 
Reproduce late in life
Have few young
Larger animals
Longer lifespans
High parental care
Often predators
25
Q

Which is more capable of adapting to change?

A) r-selected species
B) K-selected species

A

r-selected species

26
Q

Which is more genetically diverse?

A) r-selected species
B) K-selected species

A

r-selected species

27
Q

Which are more commonly pests?

A) r-selected species
B) K-selected species

A

r-selected species

28
Q

Which is population is commonly closer to carrying capacity?

A) r-selected species
B) K-selected species

A

K-selected species

29
Q

Which re most vulnerable to extinction?

A) r-selected species
B) K-selected species

A

K-selected species

30
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The variation of life forms within a given ecosystem

EV1005 Environmental Porcessas and Global Change (8 decks)

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