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Ethics > Euthanasia > Flashcards

Euthanasia Flashcards

1
Q

What is euthanasia generally?

A

Painless killing of an individual with a painful or incurable disease.

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2
Q

What is assisted suicide?

A

Intentionally helping someone who is not terminally ill kill themselves.

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3
Q

What is assisted dying?

A

Individual who is terminally ill administers a lethal drug from a medical practitioner

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4
Q

What are two types of euthanasia?

A

-voluntary
-non voluntary

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5
Q

What is voluntary and non voluntary euthanasia?

A

Voluntary-request to die, done by family or doctor and they make a will
Non voluntary- unable to give consent so many are involved to make a judgement usually when there unresponsive controversial

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6
Q

What is active euthanasia?

A

Directly and intentionally cause the death of a patient.

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7
Q

what is Passive euthanasia?

A

Withhold or withdrew treatment indirectly causing the death of a individual.

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8
Q

What is the hippocratic oath of medicine?

A

-greek physician
-to never cause the death of a patient
-active immoral but passive may be moral

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9
Q

In terms of the law what does it say about all of it?

A

-assited suicide illegal
-suicide is legal
-active, unlikely to be prosecuted but still would be investigated
-passive, legal

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10
Q

Why would deontologists say that the distinction is helpful?

A

omission is not murder because intention matters if a doctor refrains from giving medicine that’s nature taking its course.

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11
Q

Why would teleologist say that the distinction is not helpful?

A

Because what matters is the outcome and both result in the death of a patient.

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12
Q

What did James Rachel argue?

A

The distinction isn’t helpful however passive is worse as it takes longer to die.
uncle wanting to inherit his nephews fortune

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13
Q

What would the Docterine of Double effects argue?

A

If a doctor gave a strong drug such as morphine to relieve the pain and it resulted in there death the interior act was good so therefore this isn’t seen as murder.

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14
Q

What would go against the docterine of double effects?

A

If the negative consequence is foreseen whos to say it wasn’t intended.

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15
Q

What is the difference between ordinary treatment and extraordinary treatment?

A

ordinary-directly available, reasonable success rate, basic as food and water
Extraordinary-cannot be used without causing pain,e.g life support

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16
Q

What does the catholic church say about ordinary and extraordinary treatment?

A

your able to morally reject extraordinary however it is a moral sin to not accept ordinary treatment.

17
Q

What is Palliative care and how does it differ from hospice care?

A

Palliative care is given at any point of an individuals life due to chronic illness. Hospice is at the end of someones life.

18
Q

What are three ways Palliative care benefits an individual?

A

-physically
-psychosocially
-spiritually

19
Q

Explain the case study of Tony bland.

A

-in a vegetative state due to brain damage
-Court allowed for his feeding tube to be withdrawn
-first patient in England to have passive euthanasia

20
Q

Explain the case study of Diane pretty.

A

-paralyzed
-assisted dying from husband
denied requests
-died due to difficulty breathing which is what she feared would happen

21
Q

Explain the case of Baby charlotte.

A

-brain damage
-if she fell into a come they aren’t allowed to resuscitate her
-They didnt find her life sacred

22
Q

explain Patricia and Frank Lundt case.

A

-wife depressed due to bowel syndrome
-apparently asked for a successful death husband smothered her with a pillow
-guilty for murder
-no one who supports euthanasia supported him

23
Q

What did Dr moore do and what does this support?

A

-He gave a lethal morphine injection to reduce liddel’s pain
-it lead however to his death
-this supports the docterine of double effects

24
Q

what is the Sanctity of life?

A

Human life is made in God’s image so it is sacred in value.

25
Q

What is the strong sancitity of life principle?

A

Ending a life is never permissible.

25
Q

What is the weak santity of life principle?

A

Ending a life is permissible in certain circumstances where the outcome is agapeic.

25
Q

What quotes supports the strong sanctity of life principle?

A

‘the lord has given and the lord has taken away’-like playing God

25
Q

What does the pope say euthanasia can create?

A

‘Culture of death’

26
Q

What are 2 weaknesses of the sancitity of life?

A

-the concept is too outdated to be used in a increasingly secular society.
-argues that all life must be saved at all costs however advancements able to point out where it is pointless.

27
Q

Why does natural law accept passive euthanasia but not active?

A

As the interior act of active euthanasia is too interntionally kill the patient however passive euthanasia is allowing the death to take its natural course.

28
Q

In terms of reason how does Aquinas’s law relate to euthanasia?

A

He believes that it is misapplied reason leading to apparent good which is where euthanasia seems moral.

29
Q

According to Aquinas’s four tiers of law why is euthanasia oppposed?

A

Because divine law is God’s word put into scripture and it states that life is sacred.

30
Q

What primary precept doesnt allow euthanasia?

A

Ordered society
preservation of life

31
Q

What are Natural Law’s thoughts on ordianry and extraordinary means?

A

Ordinary must be accepted due to the high succes rate however extraordinary does not have to be accepted due to the fact that it is much more risky.

32
Q

What theory supports the Docterine of Double effects?

A

Aquinas’s natural law.

33
Q

What are 3 strengths of Natural law applied to euthanasia?

A

-Biblical basis, imago Dei
-Values life intrinsically prevents humans from abusing the vulnerable.
-flexibility as it allows in certain circumstance (docterine of double effects)

34
Q

What are 3 weaknesses?

A

-legalistic, doesnt put individual first and lacks compassion
-dependant on christianity but euthanasia was practised before so it makes sense to practise in a secular society

Ethics (5 decks)

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