Euthanasia

Question 1

What is euthanasia generally?

Answer 1

Painless killing of an individual with a painful or incurable disease.

Question 2

What is assisted suicide?

Answer 2

Intentionally helping someone who is not terminally ill kill themselves.

Question 3

What is assisted dying?

Answer 3

Individual who is terminally ill administers a lethal drug from a medical practitioner

Question 4

What are two types of euthanasia?

Answer 4

-voluntary
-non voluntary

Question 5

What is voluntary and non voluntary euthanasia?

Answer 5

Voluntary-request to die, done by family or doctor and they make a will
Non voluntary- unable to give consent so many are involved to make a judgement usually when there unresponsive controversial

Question 6

What is active euthanasia?

Answer 6

Directly and intentionally cause the death of a patient.

Question 7

what is Passive euthanasia?

Answer 7

Withhold or withdrew treatment indirectly causing the death of a individual.

Question 8

What is the hippocratic oath of medicine?

Answer 8

-greek physician
-to never cause the death of a patient
-active immoral but passive may be moral

Question 9

In terms of the law what does it say about all of it?

Answer 9

-assited suicide illegal
-suicide is legal
-active, unlikely to be prosecuted but still would be investigated
-passive, legal

Question 10

Why would deontologists say that the distinction is helpful?

Answer 10

omission is not murder because intention matters if a doctor refrains from giving medicine that’s nature taking its course.

Question 11

Why would teleologist say that the distinction is not helpful?

Answer 11

Because what matters is the outcome and both result in the death of a patient.

Question 12

What did James Rachel argue?

Answer 12

The distinction isn’t helpful however passive is worse as it takes longer to die.
uncle wanting to inherit his nephews fortune

Question 13

What would the Docterine of Double effects argue?

Answer 13

If a doctor gave a strong drug such as morphine to relieve the pain and it resulted in there death the interior act was good so therefore this isn’t seen as murder.

Question 14

What would go against the docterine of double effects?

Answer 14

If the negative consequence is foreseen whos to say it wasn’t intended.

Question 15

What is the difference between ordinary treatment and extraordinary treatment?

Answer 15

ordinary-directly available, reasonable success rate, basic as food and water
Extraordinary-cannot be used without causing pain,e.g life support

Question 16

What does the catholic church say about ordinary and extraordinary treatment?

Answer 16

your able to morally reject extraordinary however it is a moral sin to not accept ordinary treatment.

Question 17

What is Palliative care and how does it differ from hospice care?

Answer 17

Palliative care is given at any point of an individuals life due to chronic illness. Hospice is at the end of someones life.

Question 18

What are three ways Palliative care benefits an individual?

Answer 18

-physically
-psychosocially
-spiritually

Question 19

Explain the case study of Tony bland.

Answer 19

-in a vegetative state due to brain damage
-Court allowed for his feeding tube to be withdrawn
-first patient in England to have passive euthanasia

Question 20

Explain the case study of Diane pretty.

Answer 20

-paralyzed
-assisted dying from husband
denied requests
-died due to difficulty breathing which is what she feared would happen

Question 21

Explain the case of Baby charlotte.

Answer 21

-brain damage
-if she fell into a come they aren’t allowed to resuscitate her
-They didnt find her life sacred

Question 22

explain Patricia and Frank Lundt case.

Answer 22

-wife depressed due to bowel syndrome
-apparently asked for a successful death husband smothered her with a pillow
-guilty for murder
-no one who supports euthanasia supported him

Question 23

What did Dr moore do and what does this support?

Answer 23

-He gave a lethal morphine injection to reduce liddel’s pain
-it lead however to his death
-this supports the docterine of double effects

Question 24

what is the Sanctity of life?

Answer 24

Human life is made in God’s image so it is sacred in value.

Question 25

What is the strong sancitity of life principle?

Answer 25

Ending a life is never permissible.

Question 25

What is the weak santity of life principle?

Answer 25

Ending a life is permissible in certain circumstances where the outcome is agapeic.

Question 25

What quotes supports the strong sanctity of life principle?

Answer 25

'the lord has given and the lord has taken away'-like playing God

Question 25

What does the pope say euthanasia can create?

Answer 25

'Culture of death'

Question 26

What are 2 weaknesses of the sancitity of life?

Answer 26

-the concept is too outdated to be used in a increasingly secular society. -argues that all life must be saved at all costs however advancements able to point out where it is pointless.

Question 27

Why does natural law accept passive euthanasia but not active?

Answer 27

As the interior act of active euthanasia is too interntionally kill the patient however passive euthanasia is allowing the death to take its natural course.

Question 28

In terms of reason how does Aquinas's law relate to euthanasia?

Answer 28

He believes that it is misapplied reason leading to apparent good which is where euthanasia seems moral.

Question 29

According to Aquinas's four tiers of law why is euthanasia oppposed?

Answer 29

Because divine law is God's word put into scripture and it states that life is sacred.

Question 30

What primary precept doesnt allow euthanasia?

Answer 30

Ordered society preservation of life

Question 31

What are Natural Law's thoughts on ordianry and extraordinary means?

Answer 31

Ordinary must be accepted due to the high succes rate however extraordinary does not have to be accepted due to the fact that it is much more risky.

Question 32

What theory supports the Docterine of Double effects?

Answer 32

Aquinas's natural law.

Question 33

What are 3 strengths of Natural law applied to euthanasia?

Answer 33

-Biblical basis, imago Dei -Values life intrinsically prevents humans from abusing the vulnerable. -flexibility as it allows in certain circumstance (docterine of double effects)

Question 34

What are 3 weaknesses?

Answer 34

-legalistic, doesnt put individual first and lacks compassion -dependant on christianity but euthanasia was practised before so it makes sense to practise in a secular society

Question 35

What is quality of life?

Answer 35

Depends on whether life is actually worth living.

Question 36

What are factors that can effect your quality of life?

Answer 36

-amount of happiness -the amount of autonomy the individual has

Question 37

What would quality of life be described as?

Answer 37

Instrumentally good- if it provides purpose

Question 38

What does autonomy literally mean?

Answer 38

Self ruling

Question 39

Who and what principle supports the quality of life?

Answer 39

J.S Mill's No harm principle if you wish to harm yourself you should be able if the harm is to others then you can be restricted

Question 40

What is paternalism?

Answer 40

Something that can over rule the no harm principle if it's something that isn't good for the indivdual

Question 41

What are the 5 quality of life demands?

Answer 41

1)recognize worth vary 2)don't discriminate on species 3)respect choice 4)bring children if wanted 5)take responsibility

Question 42

Explain peter singer's personhood.

Answer 42

-person and human being aren't interchangable -human being is the body -person is the autonomy or happijessm that ehy hold

Question 43

What does being speciest mean?

Answer 43

Placing humans above animals or any other species

Question 44

What does peter singer refer to ifants as?

Answer 44

severely defective

Question 45

What does peter singer refer to animals as?

Answer 45

superior capacities

Question 46

What are 3 strengths of Quality of life principle?

Answer 46

-it would make volunatry euthanasia relatively easy if the sound -Glover, he beleived that being alive isnt a sufficent reason to stay alive for a life to be worthwile they must be concious -Myth Dr hooper

Question 47

What are 3 weaknesses of quality of life?

Answer 47

-can be complicated for involuntary euthanasia where there is not obvious instructions (pvs) -we cannot measure autonomy -how can we identify harm is it hpysical or mental is it fair to interfere if the individual cannot think rationally because three a child

Question 48

What did Joseph Fletcher serve in?

Answer 48

Euthanasia society of america

Question 49

What kind of stance is taken by fletcher?

Answer 49

A consequentialist stance

Question 50

What was Fletcher opinion based on ?

Answer 50

that the outcome was loving as this is demonstrated by jesus where he placed it above laws

Question 51

What does Fletcher support in terms of santcitity of life?

Answer 51

Beleives in the quality of life which closesly links with the weak sanctitiy if life

Question 52

What are some of the criteria that fletcher presents?

Answer 52

-rationality -curiousity -possibility ofn change

Question 53

What case study would fletcher support?

Answer 53

Fine if Jim refuses treatment

Question 53

How would love and Justice the 3rd proposition support euthansatia?

Answer 53

He's arguing that religion wrongly took the legalistic stance when in reality if someone was in great pain and u denied to them that is unjust

Question 54

What are advantages of situation ethics?

Answer 54

-gives individuals so much autonomy -agape if correctly understood is pure and so is difficult to manipulate

Question 55

What can go against agape being pure?

Answer 55

vague to say to do the most loving thing as it is quite subjective in general

Question 56

What are disadvantages of SE?

Answer 56

-difficult to apply across society as it is quite indivdualistic -assumes we are all able to ratinally make the choice leads to question on autonomy -hes contradictory when he refers to babnies with down syndrom