Conscience Flashcards
What does Aquinas Believe conscience is?
An act of making moral judgements.
What is Syndresis linked with conscience?
-inclination to do good and avoid evil
-desire to fulfill it
-use reasoning to develop synderesis
What is Conscienia?
-forming moral judgements
-applying to unique situations
What is ratio?
-gained as we are created in God’s image
-ability to make moral judgements
-helps connect with divine law by giving access to natural law
How does conscience indirectly come from God?
God gave a tool (reason) to make moral judgements
Why does Conscience carry authority?
All we have in the moment of making a decision so is a moral obligation
Why is it that we have responsibility according to Aquinas’s theory?
Because we are responsible to develop our conscience.
As we either do a real good or apparent good.
What is Phronesis?
-to avoid apparent Good we have to develop our Phronesis
-the more we practise through moral dillemma and applying reason to our natural inclination of doing good
-more likely to then apply right reason
-recta ratio
How does phronesis link with the fundamental goods?
Educate
What is included in Aquinas’s Conscience that isn’t included in Fletcher’s?
It requires reflection on the moral judgement and if there in line with God’s will
What must we do to avoid selfish desires?
Make synderesis a Habit by developing our reason
Why may people come to different conclusions using conscience?
Misapplied reason
What are the two types of Ignorance?
vincible and invincible ignorance
What is Vincible ignorance?
They are morally Blameworthy
as they lack knowledge which is what there responsibility is.
What is the example of vincible ignorance?
commuting adulatory the individual misapplied reason leading to the apparent good and also they lacked the knowledge of divine law where it states ‘do not commit adulatory’.
What is invincible ignorance?
Act with the best of there knowledge with all they have been informed with and there not responsible.
Why would someone have invincible ignorance?
-younge,mentally ill to know right and wrong
-those who are able to access Jesus’s message
What is the example of invincible ignorance?
Man slept with woman believing it was his wife and the woman is willing he is not held morally responsible
According to Aquinas what makes an individual blameworthy?
1) Full knowledge
2)Full consent
What are 3 strengths of Aquinas’s view of Conscience?
-He explains how our conscience can be mistaken
-explains moral disagreements
-His distinction of both ignorance seems just
What are 3 weaknesses of Aquinas?
-overly optimistic about human nature
-contradictory, argues we should follow our conscience but our conscience can also make mistakes
-Research carried out by Paiget would argue that we develop moral judgements over time suggesting syndresis is not innate
According to Freud what is the terms conscience synonymous with?
Guilt which goes against the superego
Where does our Guilt come from?
Superego- internalized ideas of our parents and authority figures
Oedipus complex- where boys unconsciously want to sleep with there mothers and kill there fathers but overcome this fixation by relating to them
What is Psychoanalysis?
-analysis of the unconscious mind
-where patient talks freely about there dreams and early childhood
What are the 3 parts of the mind?
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
What is the conscious mind?
thoughts and desires we are aware of.
What is the Preconscious mind?
thoughts and desires that will come to the surface and some point
What is the Unscious mind?
Thoughts and desires buried under the surface and inly can be accessed through psychoanalysis.
What does Freud refer to memories we are afraid of so lock away?
Repress
What is in the 3 personality?
ID
EGO
SUPEREGO
What is the ID?
-instinctive impulses that seek satisfaction in pleasure
-present at birth and contains our basic drive
-Unconscious
-contains libido which seek immediate gratification
What is the EGO?
-mediates the ID and SUPERGO
-conscious
-become aware of societal expectations
What is the superego?
-works on internalized from parents and society
-found in the phallic stage (Oedipus complex)
-based on behaviorism
What are the 5 sexual stages also referred to as?
erogenous zones
What is the oral stage?
pleasure gained through the mouth sucking biting
What is the anal stage?
pleasure gained through the anus e.g bowel movement
What is the phallic stage?
Pleasure gained through the penus
9oedopus complex develops)
What is the latency stage?
Where there is no sexual motivation
What is the genital stage?
Pleasure through penus or vagina (sex)
In more detail what happens during the Phallic stage?
-Develop there unconcious sexual attraction to there opposite sex parent
-imitate there same sex parent to avoid feeling guilty.
What is the Oedipus Complex?
-fixation on the mother
-father is viewed as an obstacle
-fear and jealous but begin to admire him
-repress emotions causing guilt
What is the electra complex?
Carl Jung- young girls competing for possession of the father
What is the genital stage in detail?
-teens are able to balance the ID and SUPEREGO
-when there unconscious authorities warnings to suppress the sexual feelings which causes guilt
What are 3 strengths of Freud?
-Richard Dawkins, cooperation and treating others well would be a desirable trait and so that altruistic gene would be passed down.
-psychologically based meaning scientific and empirical techniques used
-Paiget
What are 3 Weaknesses of Freud?
-Oedipus complex could not explain the guilt of people from single parent or same sex families
-very male oriented cannot be generalized to females ad even the Electra complex is underdeveloped
-does not leave room for moral responsibility as the source is the unconscious
