European Sustainability Strategy & Green Deal Flashcards
Global Strategies for Sustainable Development
1991 - Agenda 21: Product of the Earth Summit in 1992; Non-binding, voluntary implented action plan with regard to sust. development; Aim: achieving gloabl sustainable development
1997 - Evaluation of profress after Rio, sets target for allcountrix to have their SDSs by 2002
2002 - Johannes Plan of Implementation - review after Rio, sets new target and commitments
2012 - “The Future we Want” - Rio+20, introduces the concept of “green economy” for the first time, first proposals for SDGs
2015 - Agenda 2030 - inlcuding SDGs
2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development
- Adopted in 2015 during the United Nations General Assembly
- The Agenda consists of 4 sections:
– Political Declaration
– Set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets
– Means of Implementation
– Framework for follow up and review of the Agenda - The 2030 Agenda embodies the following core principles:
– Universality
– Leaving no one behind
– Interconnectedness
– Inclusiveness
– Multi Stakeholder Partnerships
Sustainable Development Goals
- Launched September 2015
- Global goals, which are to be reached by 2030
- Officially Adopted by 193 Countries overall 300 issues were determined
Clustered into 17 goals
Objective: Produce a set of universal goals that meet urgent social, economic and environmental challenges
Addis Ababa Action Agenda
- Outcome of the 2015 Third International Conference on Financing for Development
- Global framework that aligns financing flows and policies with economic, social, and environmental priorities
– Domestic public resources: Improvements in domestic resource mobilization, e.g. efforts to combat tax avoidance and evasion, tax administration, fossil fuel subsidies
– Domestic and international private business and finance
– International development cooperation
– International trade as an engine for development
– Debt sustainability
– Addressing systemic issues
– Science, technology, innovation and capacity building
– Data, monitoring and follow up
Paris Climate Agreement
- 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) COP21), 2015, Paris: A new climate agreement was adopted
- On 5 October 2016, the threshold for entry into force of the Paris Agreement was achieved (55 countries accounting for more than 55% of global emissions) - entered into force on 4th of November 2016
- Targets
– Long term temperature goal (Art.2): Rise in global temperatures is limited to no more than 2 C (1.5 if possible)
– Global peaking and ‘climate neutrality’ (Art 4) :* Reduction of GHG emissions (mitigation) * From 2050 a balance shall be reached between CO2 emissions and CO2 absorption (sinks such as forests, storages)
EU Strategies for Sustainable Development. First steps
- Treaty of Amsterdam as an objective of EU policies in 1997
- Two major complementary strategies aiming at addressing the sustainable development in Europe
Lisbon Strategy
Gothenburg Strategy
Lisbon Strategy
- Launched in March 2000 by the EU 10 year strategy
- Goal: to make Europe “ the most competitive and dynamic knowledge based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and
better jobs and greater social cohesion
–-> Job creation alongside social and environmentalpolicies that ensure sustainable development and social inclusion - Objectives: Gain full employment, promote economic growth, improve citizens quality of life, protect environment, challenges due to globalization
- Mid term review: too ambitious, commitment lack of some Member States
– More focus on growth and employment: 3% R&D spending & 70% employment rate
– Simplification of report
– Some more concrete measures: support start ups, entrepreneurship education
By 2010, most of its goals were not achieved –> Europe 2020 strategy
The Gothenburg Strategy
- First EU sustainable development strategy (Gothenburg Strategy) developed during Gothenburg Summit in 2001
Core of the European policy towards sustainable developed sustainable
Complementary to the Lisbon Strategy - Aim: to start development that will lead to the achievement of economic growth, greater social unity and better environment.
EU Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) - timeline
2001: EU Sustainable Development Strategy (Gothenburg Strategy)
Overall goal was to ensure prosperity, environmental protection and social cohesion by creating sustainable communities within the EU
2006: Revision of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy
New strategy adopted in 2006. More effective implementation and monitoring
2009: Revision of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy
renewed strategy adopted 2009; included additional efforts to curb and adapt to climate change, to decrease high energy consumption in the transport sector and to reverse the current loss of biodiversity and natural resources
2016: Next steps for a sustainable European future: European action for sustainability
SDGs; challenges through refugee crisis, worldwide terrorism; –> EU promot peace, security & globale prosperity
2017: The new European consensus on development - “Our
world, our dignity (Würde), our future” –> replaces the European Sustainability Strategy from 2005
Aligns the Union’s development policy with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
European Consensus on Development
–> part of UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and SDGs
- defines shared vision and action framework for development cooperation.
– Integrates the economic, social and environmental dimension
– Interlinkages between the SDGs
– implementation Addis Ababa Action Agenda
‘5 Ps’ framing the 2030 Agenda:
- People
- Planet
- Prosperity
- Peace
- Partnership
Commitments, e.g.:
- Eradicating poverty, tackling discrimination and inequalities and leaving no one behind
- support the poorest communities in improving access for all to land, food, water, and clean, affordable and sustainable energy,
- promote resource efficiency and sustainable consumption and production
- implement the Paris Climate Change Agreement
European Green Deal - Introduction
- introduced by the end of 2019 and on 15 th of January 2020 the European parliament voted to support it
- It lays down EU growth policy framework to be adopted in the next five years
- Consists of a set of policy initiatives by the European Commission with the overarching aim of making Europe climate neutral in 2050 and decoupling the economy from natural resources
- The plan is to review each existing law on its climate merits, and also introduce new legislation on the circular economy, building renovation, biodiversity, farming and innovation
Fit for 55 implementation of the EGD
- Offers the preparatory path to meet the targets of the European Green Deal
- Mid term goal of 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels
- Climate Neutral by 2050
- Affective in the policy areas of the Green Deal
Fit for 55 - CBAM
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanismen
* Main goal: prevent carbon leakage , i.e. companies moving their production sites to third country installations to prevent additional costs from carbon certificates
* EU importers will buy carbon certificates corresponding to the current price of ETS (in €/t emitted)
* Carbon prices paid in the production country will be deducted
* Effective in the iron and steel, cement, fertilizer, aluminum and electricity generation sector scope will be expanded in the future
Financing the European Green Deal
–> European Green Deal Investment Plan (over 10 years)
- at least 1 trillion euros
- budget will come from various programmes
- the InvestEU Fund will leverage around 279 billion
- revenues from auctioning of arbon allowances unter EU ETS will provide 25 billion
The Just Transition Mechanism
- 100 billion should be attracted using the Just Transition Mechanism (JTM)
- Designed to support regions and communities that are most affected by a green transition, for instance regions that are strongly reliant on extractive industries and related energy production as well as carbon intensive industries
- To address the specific challenges in these regions and to alleviate the socio economic impact of the transition, the Commission has introduced the JTM
- Includes financing from the EU budget, co financing from the Member States as well as contributions from InvestEU and the European Investment Bank
