European Revolutions

Question 1

Ultra conservative arrangement that was a throwback to the Middle Ages, but had little influence outside Eastern Europe

Answer 1

Holy Alliance

Question 2

German confederation that met in Frankfurt to fulfill a liberal and nationalist dream: a constitution for a united Germany.

Answer 2

Frankfurt Assembly

Question 3

Who proposed the Holy Alliance?

Answer 3

Tsar Alexander I

Question 4

Free trade zone developed in German confederation & played a major role in laying the groundwork for future German political unity

Answer 4

Zollverein

Question 5

Co-Author of “Communist Manifesto” (ENGLAND)

Answer 5

Friedrich Engels

Question 6

Who opposed the repealed Corn Laws?

Answer 6

Wealthy landowners

Question 7

Most radical response to the industrial revolution using violence

Answer 7

Marxism

Question 8

Secret Italian revolutionary society

Answer 8

Carbonari

Question 9

__________ advocated nationalism.

Answer 9

Johann Van Herder

Question 10

________ & _________ formed the backbone of the Concert of Europe

Answer 10

Metternich & the Quadruple Alliance

Question 11

What did the Concert of Europe work to do?

Answer 11

Achieve consensus, maintain status quo, and a general peace throughout Europe. (This might be a “The Concert of Europe did all of the following EXCEPT…” kind of question. MEMORIZE IT, FRIENDS!

Question 12

King that was overthrown in 1848, triggering revolutions. (Hint: He was known as the “King of French People”)

Answer 12

Louis Philippe

Question 13

Established in France in 1848 but gone by 1852 because of ideological divisions and a fear of renewed disorder

Answer 13

2nd French Republic

Question 14

Leader that nearly succeeded in winning Hungary’s independence from Austria

Answer 14

Lajos Kossuth

Question 15

Agreement that reasserted royal legitimacy/stability and rejected republicism

Answer 15

Congress of Vienna

Question 16

“ism” that rejected the rationalism of the Enlightenment and emphasized emotion over reason

Answer 16

Romanticism (Cute hint: just think that romance follows the heart, not the brain…Hence the rejection of rationalism)

Question 17

“Communist Manifesto” (written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels) was a necessary stage of…

Answer 17

economic and social developement

Question 18

The Corn laws were repealed in 1846 partly due to the…

Answer 18

potatoe famine.

Question 19

Movement that advocated economic and social planning

Answer 19

Utopian Socialist movement

Question 20

Advocated universal suffrage for men

Answer 20

Chartists (Trick: Charles is a name for men..CHARles/CHARtists)

Question 21

What political organization was used by Metternich to oppose liberalism and nationalism in Central Europe?

Answer 21

German Confederation (Tip: also memorize who it was used by and what it opposed!)

Question 22

What did the Congress of Vienna do?

Answer 22

It established a balance of power, recognized the neutrality of Switzerland, united Sweden with Norway and Belgium with the Netherlands (This may be another “All of the following EXCEPT..” question!)

Question 23

“ism” that promoted “the greatest happiness for the greatest number”

Answer 23

Utilitarianism

Question 24

What did liberalism advocate?

Answer 24

written constitutions, limited suffrage, religious toleration, laissez-fair economics

Question 25

What class favored liberalism the most?

Answer 25

Middle class

Question 26

Monumental British law that increased the voting power of the middle classes

Answer 26

The Great Reform Act of 1832

Question 27

Law that prohibited the employment of children under the age of nine

Answer 27

Factory Act of 1833

Question 28

What country escaped the revolutions of 1848?

Answer 28

England, Sweden, and Russia. (Tip: If you have trouble memorizing countries, make an acronym! It helps a lot! For example: Everybody Says Roar = England, Sweden, Russia.)

Question 29

What country experience the greatest degree of political instability?

Answer 29

France

Question 30

Who was the most well known British conservative?

Answer 30

Edmund Burke

Question 31

18th century Enlightenment economist that was championed by liberals and business owners for his belief in laissez faire

Answer 31

Adam Smith

Question 32

German thinker known as the “father” of communism

Answer 32

Karl Marx

Question 33

Austrian minister, believed in the policies of legitimacy and the military to crush revolts against legitimacy.

Answer 33

Metternich

Question 34

Who was the leader of the Congress of Vienna?

Answer 34

Metternich

Question 35

Who restored throne after Bourbon revolution?

Answer 35

Louis XVIII

Question 36

______ set out to restore the absolute monarchy, tried to repay nobles for lands lost during the revolution, and he issued the July Ordinances.

Answer 36

Charles X

Question 37

These laws did not want there to be importation of foreign grain without the prices in England rising substantially.

Answer 37

Corn Laws

Question 38

Basically, what were the revolutions of 1848?

Answer 38

They were democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed.