European migration crisis 2010's

Question 1

Who came up with the idea that body of water does not seperate, but instead connects continents and people?

Answer 1

Fernand Braudel

Question 2

How many total entered Europe during the migration crisis in 2019?

Answer 2

About 100 000. The majority being clearly men

Question 3

Of those 100 000 who entered Europe during 2019, how many entered by sea?

Answer 3

Slightly more than 85 000

Question 4

Of those 100 000 who entered Europe during 2019, how many entered by land?

Answer 4

About 15 000 - 17 000

Question 5

When did the migration crisis in Europe peak?

Answer 5

In 2015. Just in October that year over 200 000 migrants entered. Altogether over 1 million entered that year

Question 6

Which two countries did most migrants come from in 2019?

Answer 6

Afghanistan and Syria

Question 7

How many die or end up missing each year trying to reach Europe?

Answer 7

A couple thousand each year

Question 8

Migrants who travelled through the dessert in Libya often experienced what?

Answer 8

They were often held for ransom and subjected to torture

Question 9

How does not Braudel’s theory on body of water apply to the Mediterranean?

Answer 9

As we see, the government in Europe actively tried to hinder migration across the sea from Africa. They did this by introducing massive surveillance and also basically watch migrants drown

Question 10

Are all refugees mobile?

Answer 10

In fact no. Many refugees are inmobile as they stay in refugee camps for many years and are therefore not migrants

Question 11

How many refugees were there in 2016?

Answer 11

Over 20 million

Question 12

How did migration affect South Italy?

Answer 12

Many southern italians go north to find available jobs and as a result South Italy became less and less populated and became desolated. However, with migration from Africa the community in South Italy actually started to thrive again to a certain degree

Question 13

What are one of the main arguments for a positive viewpoint on migration to Europe?

Answer 13

Most European countries are facing a looming age generation crisis. Since most migrants are young they can be a part of the solution on the looming age crisis

Question 14

How did the European controll the Mediterranean?

Answer 14

They had advanced surveillance technology, but each country was assigned each their rescue zones. Meaning that when migrants where outside the zones they would not be rescued. Even if they where identified and a helicopter even flew over them

Question 15

How did fishing boats react when seeing a boat of migrants?

Answer 15

They left as quickly as possible, and perhaps some migrant boats capsided as a result. They did not want to help the migrants because the governments had said that meant helping with illegal migration

Question 16

What was one of the main reasons the migration crisis started?

Answer 16

The Arab Spring uprising led to a massive migration flow from Northern Africa to Europe

Question 17

Do the vast majority of migrants head for wealthy countries?

Answer 17

No. Usually we have migrations within the developing countries also known as inter-periphery migration

Question 18

How many environmental refugee migrants where there altogether in 1990?

Answer 18

25 million

Question 19

What has often been the reason for migration in post-colonial African countries?

Answer 19

Involuntary migration as a result of warfare, selective stateside persecution, inter-ethnic fighting or other forms of violence

Question 20

How many people perished at Europe’s external borders in 2015?

Answer 20

Almost 4 000

Question 21

What kind of contradictory reports do we hear about in the media on the borders of Europe?

Answer 21

Both violence and distress, as well as humanitarianism and human rights services

Question 22

What kind of specific example do we have which illustrates the contradictions between EU and Italy?

Answer 22

EU’s home affairs comissioner at one point proposed humanitarian visas, while Italy’s EU presidency launched a Europe-wide crackdown on undocumented migrants. We see humanitarian and securitarian approaches to the issue

Question 23

What did the UK government do in October 2014?

Answer 23

They refused to contribute to future search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean, since such rescues appearantly constituted a “pull factor”. What followed was a public outrage against the government, especially from Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch

Question 24

How did humanitarian initiatives come hand in hand with securative initiatives

Answer 24

For example, in Ceuta and Melilla the guards equipped with batons gave way to medical care by Red Cross for those migrants fortunate enough to breach the wired barrier

Question 25

Which country has inspired other European countries when it comes to border controll?

Answer 25

Spain, since they were quite successful with their securitarian approach on land and humanitarian approach on sea

Question 26

What did the government try to shine a light on in the media?

Answer 26

The humanitarian aspects, not the securitarian

Question 27

What international laws did spanish sea patrols break?

Answer 27

They continuously crossed borders on sea. They “rescued” migrants in international waters and also in moroccan waters, overriding otherwise tense and militarized boarder

Question 28

What was the justification for breaking international laws on borders in the sea?

Answer 28

They used the humanitarian aspect as justification as they so-called helped migrants

Question 29

Why were migrants entering Spain across the strait of Gibraltar often taken to Ceuta?

Answer 29

Because Ceuta was an enclave of Spain, thus spanish government avoided law. If migrants were taken to the mainland they would be detained and set free, unless rendered deportable, after a 60 day time limit. However, in Ceuta they could be kept indefinitely

Question 30

how did Spain collaborate with Morocco?

Answer 30

Spain could make sure Morocco rescued migrants and brought them back to Morocco. However, this did not happen often has Morocco was not willing to agree to this scheme

Question 31

What kind of expensive investment was justified by the humanitarian approach?

Answer 31

EU invested in Eurosur; European external border surveillance. A pan-European effort to control the borders of Europe, based on “humanitarian” effort

Question 32

Why did migrants start to distrust the Red Cross?

Answer 32

The line between the Red Cross and the border patrolers became increasingly blurry. The police and the Red Cross collaborated which lead to the two groups having less clarity in what tasks they were supposed to do