european empires far behind (pre 16th c) Flashcards
5 assertations about the pre- 1500 world
- was stagnant, limited economic development
- divided in insular regions (islands of civilization without connection to eachother)
- governed by irrational despots
- impossibility of a globally interdependent world
- the world finally connected through European age of discovery from the 1500s
when was the oriental globalization?
500 to 1800
how does the oriental globalization begin?
with the revival of the camel as a mode of transportation
what happens during 500-1000 during the oriental globalization?
the main centers of civilization are connected- creating a world system.
why was the islamic world central to globalization (3)
- provided unity through islam in a previously fragmented region
- included a strong penchant for trade
- sharia protected people against rulers - set about contracts for it.
what did marco polo do?
first european to visit china
what did ibn battuta do?
travelled the whole world excp the americas
what are the 3 main empires of the oriental globalization?
- tang china
- ummuyad and abbasid caliphates
- fatimid
when did the islamic world become a bridge to the afro eurasian economy?
650-1800
when was china more internally powerful than islamic empires?
1100s
when did china start influencing the global economy more?
1400s
which empire was ruling when the industrial revolution happened?
song
what characterizes the industrial revolution? (3)
- revolution in steel and iron
- a tax system based on cash
- massively advanced agricultural techniques (means higher yield ratio)
what was the role of china’s tax system based on cash on the industrial revolution?
a tax system based on cash leads to specialization because people don’t need to grow everything themselves (bc there are markets) towns become cities.
when was the first military revolution?
850 to 1390
what was the first military revolution characterized by? (3)
- revolution in navigation techniques
- invention of the compass
- invention of new ships
when does China start influencing the global economy more than its islamic counterparts?
1400s
who was zheng he?
a great admiral of China- went on voyages with treasure fleets (encouraging people to become tributes)
when and how does China renounce its massive military expansion?
by voluntarily destroying its treasure fleet in 1433.
what was the identity reason of the destruction of the treasure fleet?
new emperor embraces confucianism and isolationism
what was the material reason of the destruction of the treasure fleet?
they were concerned about the costs of maintaining it and they got military threats form land borders
a common misconception about China after 1433
although China renounces maritime imperialism, it’s still open to international trade and continues to develop
when was indian ocean trade at its peak?
1200-1400s
when do europeans start getting involved in the silk road?
late 1400s
