empires b4 and after the age of discovery

Question 1

when was the rise and fall of the mongols?

Answer 1

1200s and 1300s

Question 2

mongols were the…

Answer 2

largest contiguous land empire in world history

Question 3

why were the mongol’s successful? (4)

Answer 3

1. brutality
2. unsurpassed horsemanship
3. religious toleration
4. opened cities to trade

Question 4

a key figure after the fall of the mongols?

Answer 4

tamerlane

Question 5

which empire did tamerlane rule?

Answer 5

timurid

Question 6

timurlane was the last military leader who…

Answer 6

tried to bring the Eurasian continent under one rule

Question 7

impact of the fall of mongol-timurid empires (4)

Answer 7

1. muslim empires expand
2. russian conquest of siberia
3. a western push of the ming and qing dynasties
4. european voyages

Question 8

how did the fall of mongol - timurid empires lead to european voyages?

Answer 8

through mongols and tamerlane and the connection they allowed for, Europeans got connected to the rest of the world which eventually led them to travel to China- and finding the america’s on the way.

Question 9

when was the early modern period?

Answer 9

1400-1500s

Question 10

what were the main land empires?

Answer 10

islamic, chinese, russian

Question 11

islamic land empires

Answer 11

1. ottoman
2. safavid
3. mughal

Question 12

what do the mughal and safavid empires have in common?

Answer 12

they go from strong empire to strong state (they expand unexpectedly fast and then they start centralizing later)

Question 13

why did the mughal empire decline?

Answer 13

aurangzeb makes bad policies

Question 14

why did the safavid empire decline?

Answer 14

didn’t recover from a battle w/ ottoman’s

Question 15

what were the land empires in the east?

Answer 15

the ming and qing dynasties

Question 16

what happened in 1644?

Answer 16

deadly conflict in the transition between Ming and Qing

Question 17

what were the key features of the ming and qing empires? (6)

Answer 17

1. exceptionally developed bureaucratic structure
2. imperial examination (merit-based)
3. elite with a shared culture
4. expansion towards land or sea was unclear until zheng he
5. push inland to fight back powerful mongol and turkic societies (wall of China)
6. established elaborate tribute system

Question 18

key points in russian history

Answer 18

1. 1480- independence from muslim rule (golden horde)

2. 1600s romanov dynasty conquers siberia

Question 19

main economic resource of the russian empire was..

Answer 19

they built a unique fur belts tribute system. tributary extraction in fur. (this system ended in the 1700s as the sable population was depleted. after that they switched to mining metals..

Question 20

vasco de gama

Answer 20

first european to have reached India by sea through the cape route

Question 21

when were the two waves of european imperialism?

Answer 21

1. the early modern period (1492 to early 1800s)

2. 1870s onwards new imperialism / high imperialism

Question 22

when / what was the 1st period of EM imperialism?

Answer 22

1492 to 1648: expansion led by spain and portugal. treaty of torsedillas divided territory

Question 23

when / what was the 2nd period of EM imperialism?

Answer 23

1648 to 1770: led by france, holland and england

• role of mercantile companies were critical
• main goal was to control existing trade networks

Question 24

when / what was the 3rd period of EM imperialism?

Answer 24

1770 to 1815: severe setbacks on imperialism due to american war of independence, french revo, napoleonic wars etc.

Question 25

key point regarding land and sea empires

Answer 25

rich empires w/ trade surpluses weren’t worried about european control of the seas.
different emphases allow 4 centuries of coexistence