European Colonization of África Flashcards
European Colonization of Africa
Late 19th century and early 20th centuries.
The Ottoman Empire collapsed, which allowed France and GB to establish their mandate in the Middle East.
When Europe’s colonization of Africa took place?
Late 19th and early 20th centuries.
what was happening during the colonization of Africa in Middle East?
Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Tanzimat periord
Young Turk Revolution
Ottoman Empire enters WWI
Great Arab Revolt
San Remo Conference
Two sub-themes of the European Colonization of Africa
Europe’s New Imperialism (19th and 20th c.)
The Scramble for Africa (1884-1914).
Europe’s New Imperialism
Late 19th and early 20th c.
Main actor: France and Britain.
Unprecendeted expansion.
Caused by competition, industrialization and civilization.
First factor of the New Imperialism
Intra European competition
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Pax Britannica is being challenged
Italian and German unification.
Territorial disputes (ej. Lexembourg, Alsace and Lorraine).
Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71
Instigated control of overseas territories.
Second factor of New Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution
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Innovation in manufacturing (17th to 18th c.)
Machines (e.g. staeam engine) subsistudes hand work.
Demand for raw material and population increased.
Population growth and need for raw materials led to imperial expansion.
Third factor of the New Imperialism
The civilizing mission as the new ethos.
The White Man’s Burden
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Social Darwinism (barcaric and civilized)
Civilization = industrial modernity.
Europe as the pinnacle of human civilization.
Modernizing others necessitated imperialism.
Date Scramble for Africa
1884-1914
Why this imperialism is new and different?
*Industrialization: Africa offered Europeans a big markey amidst the long depression (1873-1896). Demand for raw materials that were presen in Africa (copper, cotton, ivory, rubber, palm oil).
*Competition: strategic sites (Suez Canal, Cape Town and the Horn of Africa). Africa was a source of military men who fought in European wars.
*Civilization: by “civilizing” African societies, Europe realized itself.
Berlin Conference
Europe controlled parts of the African coast.
Colonization of Congo (Belgium) and Mozambique.
Otto Von Bismarck made a call to discuss the “African problem”.
13 nations of Europe and the US
General Act of the Berlin conference.
Abolished slavery and provided a joint policy for institutionalizing the colonization of Africa.
Colonization of Africa
Europeans moved inland with no major obstacle.
1870 -> 10% of Africa was under European control and in 1914 it was 90%
Direct rule -> French, German and Belgian.
Indirect rule -> British
Colonial desings: the politics of border creation in Africa.
Most important colony of GB
India
General Act of the Berlin conference.
The document that came out of it “The General Act of the Berlin Conference”.
The abolish slavery in paper, they opposed to slavery
They agree to a joint policy.
How do they limit the borders in Africa?
Drawing lines on the map: The politics of border creation in Africa.
They didn’t care by people identifications.
Reason of genocide, wars.