European Colonization Flashcards
French Colonization
Motives
What they could sell and what they could trade. The natives were killing beavers and making pelts and they would trade these pelts because the europeans knew they could sell them for some money.
French Colonization
Locations
Saint Lawrene river. Takes over the great lakes region and Liuisiana. The yare limited to colonization
French colonization
Fur trade/Coureur des Bois
Runners of the woods. They are fur traders. Natives kill beavers for pelts and they have a productive relationship
French Colonization
Metis
French colonization
Impact on natives
Because of trade, different native tribes start to battle each other for beaver pelts to trade to the french.
French Colonization
Impact on environment
Beaver population/pelts starts to decline
French Colonization
Religion in New France
Southern Colonies
Virginia (Chesapeake) 1607+Virginia Company of London
They have a charter stating the rights of englishmen, saying thye were promised the form to representative governent and the rights of law. They are not laborers, but the second sons.
Southern Colonies
Early problems
> They sail up the James River, which is malaria ridden. They arrive with 104 men, but only have 38 survivors in 1608. They aren’t supposed to engage in warfare to the “naturals”. They leave John Smith in the ship when he is supposed to be running the colony. They don’t know how to do labor, so they get John Smith. They are only looking for gold, not looking for food or building shelter. “You need to work if you want to eat”. Powhatan tribe surrounds them, raid them and steal their food. Fortify their colony, put up a strong front. Natives only trust John Smith, so when he leaves, it all goes to shit.
Southern Colonies
Starving time of Winter 1609-1610
John smith is now gone, and the indians don’t trust anybody else. 9 Ships, 600 colonists- only 7 ships, 500 colonists arrive in 1609. Many start dying off of starvation, malaria. 60 People are alive. The ship lost in bermuda found it’s way back to Virginia. John Rolfe arrives. Load the other people into their ship, but as they were leaving, Governor De La Warr shows up.
Southern Colonies
De La Warr rules
He comes with a different message 1610, state of perpetual war with the natives. Ruins the colony like a military colony.
Southern Colonies
John Rolf
Finds tobacco
Southern Colonies
Economic growth
Southern colonies
Anglo=Powhatan Wars
Powhatan Confederacy created long before the Colonists settled. There were many tribes surrounding them. 1610, they aren’t getting anything from the natives, so they need to clear them out. 1st war, 1610-1614, using irish tactics, destroying their crops and homes to get them to leave. Pocahontas is kidnapped and De la Warr is trying to get Chief Powhatan to give them a ransom. She falls in love with John Rolfe. They get married, the end of the powhatan war. For thrity years they have tobacco growth. 2nd war, pushing the powhatans way farther out. Sets the precedent of how they treat the natives
Southern Colonies
Indentured servants
Laborers who are meant to work. Rising population in england, and people need work, so these indentured servants sell themselves to wealthy landowners to go to the colonies. You were then freed after 7 years and given some gifts, like a chunk of land. Headright system- wealthy can invest and pay a person to go to Virginia to get 50 acres of land. Families start moving to work the land.
Southern Colonies
Reasons for switching to african slavery
A dutch ship shows up with 20 Africans, treated as indentured servitude in 1619. By 1670, the founding of the carolinas is taken over by rich sugar planters.
Southern Colonies
barbados slave codes
West indies are producing sugar and not producing anything else. Mid-late 16 hundreds. Slave code developed in barbados, for every 1 white colonist 4 slaves, keeps them under control. It dehumanizes the slave. Brought to the colonies. Treating them as beasts of burden, for example, whipping, chaining, torture, beatings, ect.
Southern Colonies
African resistance to slavery
Southern Colonies
Social structure
Southern Colonies
Political structure
House of Burgesses in 1619, first representative gov in America.
Maryland (Chesapeake)
Reasons for settlement
1634, George Calvert, Lord Baltimore is friends with Charles 1, and gives him a place in Maryland because of religious strife for catholics. Tobacco production. catholic excidus, but they need people to work the land. Indentured servants are mostly protestants
Maryland (chesapeake)
Act of toleration
Population is mostly protestants because of indentured servants, so they make the Act of Toleration in 1649 to protects them to practice catholocism. If you were christian, or catholic, you are good to practice how you wish. Prior to this, you could be a muslim or a jew, but now there is a law that stops others for practicing religion.
Carolinas
Economy
Jamaica used to be part of the Spanish. But by 1655, they take it over. They produce Sugar which is a rich man’s crop. They bring the slave trade to Carolinas to work on rice plantations
Georgia 1733
James Oglethorpe renting this colony. people are there for a second chance, receiving money from the crown to act as a buffer for violence. Slow growth, because it’s a buffer zone, meant to protect them. The climate is hot and humid, and by 1733, you have slavery and georgia forbid slaves till 1750. because they were so close to spain, the slaves could easily run away to spain and convince the slaves to join them.
New England Colonies
Pilgrims (1620)
They are separatists, wanting to leave England. They didn’t recognize the king as the church, so they leave and settle in holland 1608-1619. Children are growing up in holland, adopting the ways of holland culture, and english fear they are turning dutch and losing their english heritage. Head to the new world on the mayflower, sent by the virginia company of london.
New England Colonies
Puritans
Calvinists split off from church. Belief in predestination, original sin, or being an elect of physical saint. Pressure to be good. Gov. run as a theocracy, with influence from the church. Puritans want to purify the church from within. Charles I Persecutes Puritans, so he gives them a charter to develop a colony in the new world. Unlike Plymouth, this is a well financed expedition. Leave england with 1000 colonists. Great migrations of puritans from 1630-1642. Coming in as families. Massachussets bay colony. Want to establish god’s perfect city.
New England Colonies
Native interactions
Squanto can speak english, and talks to Samoset about how to show them how to survive when they arrive in New England. You have the first thanksgiving. Plymouth first new england colony.
New England Colonies
Communal towns
New England Colonies
Governemnt
Plymouth 1620, landing in territory not under englsih rule. Rights of englishment still apply. Make the Mayflower Compact, an agreement to listen to the will of the majority. Precursor to the town hall meetings, everybody has a vote.
New England Colonies
Religious toleration?
Puritans are not religiously tolerant, such as Roger Williams who was banished from Massachussets bay, challenging the church’s power and ability to regulate religious behavior. He is banished and obtains Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson is accused of antinomianism, that since the elect are already chosen, there’s no reason to act well or follow the law.
New England Colonies
Pequot’s war (1637)
More and more people coming into Massachusetts and starts encountering native tribes. The Pequots, kill most of them and burn down their village. They had native allies who helped fight against the Pequots. Other tribes fighting for fur trade. Common theme for fighting with tribes. Create praying towns.
New England Colonies
Changing relationship with natives
Early
Create Praying towns as places they can bring the natives and try to convert them to christianity. It wasn’t the Puritans main goal.
New England Colonies
King Philip’s War (1675)
Chief of the Wampanog//Metacom/King Philip, son of Massasoit, one of the chiefs of the local tribe that squanto had come from in 1621. More and more people in 1675. Wompanog start attacking the english settlers on the frontier. King Philip is captured a year later, and killed. Limbs scattered. Because these settlers are getting killed, it stunts the movement of settlers to the west for a while, but it sends the message that the english will continue to grow.
New England Colonies
Economy
Massacchussets bay is based on the ocean, chip building, fishing, syrups from molasses, shipped goods, ect. Basis of economy. Through protestent work ethic, if thye work hard, they trust in god to provide.
New England Colonies
Role in Slave Trade
Dutch Colonization
Motives
Profit since it’s made from the Dutch West India Company. Lots of top down control since it’s own by the DWIC. The copamny leaders given tracks of land down the hudson river. Control everything and establish trade with the natives. New Amsterdam isn’t really filled with colonists. Duke of York renames it New York in 1664.
Dutch Colonization
Location
Dutch West India Company in New Amsterdam
Dutch Colonization
Economy
Used fur trading for their economy. Specifically for income for the DWIC
New Amsterdam 1623-24
Dutch West India Company. Unprepared for any military engagment so Duck of York was able to take it over incredibly easily.
English Colonization
Motives
The Crusades, didn’t have a lot of resources, was a bad time, so when they go to the holy land and taste these foods and spices and see these silks, they want these kinds of products from asia, so they want to go to the east through the pacific.
English Colonization
Location
English Colonization
Conflict with Spain: Henry VIII
Spain was an ally of england, so it wasn’t englands rule to get onto the exploration to stay out of their way. They have a lot of religious strife in England, between Henry the VIII who was a catholic superhero, but he isn’t allowed to divorce his wife, but the pope doesn’t. He stars his own church, calling it the Anglican church. Focus is on religious strife, not on spain. Now they are trying to subdue Ireland. Don’t have a strong navy. They have sea dogs/pirates that attack spanish galleons and steal their gold
English Colonization
Spanish Armada
Attack on Spain from england using a small fleet of ships, taking the gold from the spanish galeons in 1588, and uniting england
Middle Colonies/Pennsylvania
Immigrant groups
Pensylvania. William Penn, 1681, Makes money and be a safe place for quakers. Attracts German, Scots-Irish. They have a lot of fertile land and liberal land policies are attractive. These are the bread colonies, making a lot of food,
Middle Colonies
Economy
Pennsylvania is a liberal colony. No official tax support church. Fair treatment with the natives. Share the land. Representative assembly. Suffrage for all white protestant, land owning males. Quaker women can lead services. Religious freedom for all, accept you couldn’t vote or run for office if you were Jewish or catholic
Middle Colonies
Quakers
Quakers were non-violent. Didn’t go to war, didn’t pay taxes to the church, didn’t have a clergy, threat to the king so they experience persecution. Religious freedom to all. Could not vote or hold office, though. Quaker woman can lead a service.
Middle Colonies
Deleware, pensylvannia, New York,
New England Colonies
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachussets, Jersey
