Europe In The Middle Ages Flashcards
What was the lord’s main duty toward the people who pledged loyalty to him?
He protected them and their land
What did most peasants need the lord’s permission to do?
Marry or leave the manor
What is one reason that the Church was so powerful during medieval times?
It made laws and set up courts to uphold them
What happened to peasants who escaped to a city and lived there for a year and a day?
They became free
How was life in the towns different from life on the manor?
In the towns, people exchanged goods and services for money.
Why is the Holy Day important?
It is sacred to three of the world’s great religions.
Who were the first Christians to fight the Muslims for the Holy Land?
Common people led by Peter the Hermit
What did kings and popes often disagree on?
Who should select church officials called bishops
Under the system of feudalism, each person was loyal to whom?
Those who had more land and wealth
What was a lord’s main duty toward the people who pledged loyalty to him?
He had to protect them and their lands
During the Middle Ages, the largest and most powerful religion in Western Europe was what?
Roman Catholic Church
How were peasants able to improve their standard of living by doing what?
Farming the lord’s fields
What was one problem medieval cities faced?
Crowded and unhealthy conditions
Why did Christians fight the Muslims?
In order to reopen the Holy Land to Christian pilgrims
What was one thing that helped trade grow during the Midlle Ages?
The Crusades
Who fought in the Hundred Years’ War?
France and England
Why did the Pope mount the Crusades?
To take back Jerusalem
What were the Crusades?
Wars for the cross
Who had possession of the Holy Land that prompted the Pope to mount a Crusade?
The Muslims
Who led the People’s Crusade?
Peter the Hermit
Who was the great Muslim leader of the Third Crusade?
Saladin
What is another term for troubadour?
Minstrel
When did the Middle Ages begin?
476
What was the event that started the Middle Ages?
The fall of Rome
What does Charlemagne mean?
Charles the Great
What was the MOST remarkable thing about him?
He loved learning
What was it called when Vikings went raiding and trading?
A Viking
What is the Latin term for Middle Ages?
Medieval
Who was the Norman Duke who became king of England?
William the Conquerer
What was the system of government in Europe at this time?
Feudalism
What were/are the great big churches called?
Cathedrals
What were the associations called that people of the same work joined?
Guilds
What was the terrible disease that wiped out over 1/3 of Europe’s population?
Black Death/bubonic plague
What was a knight’s honorable code of conduct called?
Chivalry
What is another word for mintsrel
Troubadour
What was the Latin term for cross?
Crux
What had happened to the Holy Land that started the Crusades?
Muslim Turks took the Holy Land
What was the first group to go, and who were the men who led it?
Regular people
Peter the Hermit
Walter the Pennyless
Who was the Muslim leader?
Saladin
What was the saddest Crusade?
Children’s Crusade
List three results of the Crusades that happened afterwards in Europe.
- brought new ideas
- encouraged use of money
- brought new technology
Who were the three European kings who were commanded by the Pope to lead the 3rd Crusade?
Fredrick I
Phillip II
Richard I
What is the process called when small communities and kingdoms are combined to make one very large entity?
Nation building
Who was the English king that the nobles were so mad at?
King John
Why were they mad at him?
He wanted money from them and he wanted soldiers to build an army and he wanted to be much more powerful than the nobles
What was the document that limited the king’s power over the nobles?
Manga Carta
What is the major significance To US regarding that document?
The Magna Carta was the basis of the US Constitution
List two reasons why the feudal system began to decline.
- Growth of trade and towns
- Crusades weakened the nobles
What war did the English king Edward III begin?
Hundred Year’s War
Who was the young girl who lead the French troops at Orleans?
Joan of Arc
How did the Magna Carta actually translate?
Great Charter
Besides the nobles, who else was mad at King John? Why?
Church
John wanted to select the bishop
