Europe Flashcards
city-state
political division of ancient Greece
Acropolis
hill top fortress for every Greek city state with a temple
Archaic
The 1st period of Greek Art; very unrealistic, flat, and stiff.
Classical
The 2nd period of Greek Art; realistic, movement visible, life-like
Hellenistic
The 3rd period of Greek Artidealistic, dramatic poses and clothing, movement under cloth.
Philosophers
seekers of Wisdom, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Mythology
polytheistic religion of ancient Greece, 12 Olympians are the main Gods
Olympics
occurred every four years at Mount Olympus to honor the Gods, competitions done in the nude, women could not watch or participate
Senate
roman council of 300 politicians who advised the consuls
Consul
two Roman leaders serve for one year and share power
Triumvirate
3 Roman leaders serve at the same time
Julius Caesar
first Roman dictator, killed by the Senate in 44 BC
Two capital of the Roman Empire
Rome and Constantinople
Pax Romana
200 years of peace in the Roman Empire, 5 good emperors, built roads, created a common money system
Constantine
first Christian Roman emperor
Aqueducts
carried water throughout the Roman empire
476 AD
fall of Rome
Three reasons Rome fell
- TOO BIG
- Social - people have different cultures, languages, and customs
- Political - having two capitals and four emperors did not work
Feudalism
social class structure during the Middle Ages
- Kings
- Lords/Vassals
- Knights
- Serfs
MAIN causes of WWI
- Militarism - building up armies and weapons
- Alliances - making “secret” alliances with other countries to help in times of war
- Imperialism - expanding your countries land and borders
- Nationalism - proving that your country is better than any other country
Blitzkreig
German lightning warfare of planes, tanks, and troops sent in to take over an area
Allied Powers
France, Great Britain, Russia, USA
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
Central Powers
Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary
Two things that brought the US into WWI
Sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Note
Reign of Terror
one year period during the French Revolution where aristocrats were killed, mostly by the guillotine
Three Estates
class system of France before the Revolution
First Estate - clergy and religion figures
Second Estate - nobles
Third estate - everybody else
Treaty of Versailles
ended WWI but the restrictions and guilt on Germany helped cause WWII
War of words
Cold War
Renaissance
“re-birth” of ancient Greek and Roman knowledge, art, sculpture, etc.
Bubonic Plague
airborne disease during the middle ages, killed 1/3 of the population
Military expedition for the Christians to take the Holy Land from the Muslims
Crusades
birthplace of the Renaissance
Florence, Italy
Industrial Revolution
change from farming societies to factory and city living
Russian Revolution
Tsar Nicolas and his family are killed by the Bolsheviks and communism takes over in Russia
Rasputin
Russian sorcerer who healed the Russian prince’s hemophilia disease, murdered by Bolsheviks (evil eyes for the ladies)
Ghetto
Neighborhoods that Jews were forced into before being sent to concentration camps
Kristallnacht
“night of broken glass” where Nazi’s raided and destroyed Jewish neighborhoods, synagogues, and businesses
East Germany
German occupation zone that Russia took over and forced into communism, built the Berlin wall around West Berlin
Athens
Largest Greek city-state. Focused on Art, Architecture and Academics. Parthenon to worship their patron god, Athena.
Sparta
Short lived empire. Focused on Military. Very educated, eloquent speaking.
Greek Column that is “boring”
Doric
Greek Column with “eyes”
Ionic
Greek Column with “corn stalks”
Corinthian
