europe Flashcards
anglican
Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures.
95 theses
a list of questions and propositions for debate. Popular legend has it that on October 31, 1517 Luther defiantly nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church.
Martin Luther and the 95 These
counter reformation
The Counter-Reformation (Latin: Contrareformatio), also called the Catholic Reformation (Latin: Reformatio Catholica) or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty …
zwingli an
Huldrych Zwingli [a] or Ulrich Zwingli [b] (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.
ignatius of loyola
Saint Ignatius of Loyola was a Spanish priest and theologian, who founded the religious order called the Society of Jesus and became its first Superior General.
council of trent
The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento (Trent) and Bologna, northern Italy, was one of the Roman Catholic Church’s most important ecumenical councils. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.
jesuits
Jesuit, member of the Society of Jesus (S.J.), a Roman Catholic order of religious men founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola, noted for its educational, missionary, and charitable works, once regarded by many as the principal agent of the Counter-Reformation, and later a leading force in modernizing the church.
city-state
a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
scientific revolution
The scientific revolution was the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
heliocentic theory
Heliocentric theory is a model of the solar system that posits a central place for the Sun, with the planets orbiting it. It is most closely associated with the 16th-century work of Copernicus and the 17th-century work of Galileo, and the theory was widely adopted after Copernicus’ death.
roger bacon
Roger Bacon, OFM (Latin: Rogerus or Rogerius Bacon, also Frater Rogerus, “Brother Roger”; c. 1219/20 – c. 1292), also known by the scholastic accolade Doctor Mirabilis (Latin for “wondrous doctor”), was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical …
copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, possibly independently
kepler
Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works
galileo
Galileo Galilei was an Italian polymath: astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician, he played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century.
scientific method
a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
