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Honors Global > Europe > Flashcards

Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Who established one of the many Germanic Kingdoms that replaced the unifying force of the Roman Empire in Western Europe

A

Clovis

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2
Q

What was the social structure?

A

Monarch
Powerful lords (dukes and counts)
Vassals
The vassals of the vassals

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3
Q

Who held the largest fiefs?

A

Powerful lords (dukes and counts)

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4
Q

Some vassals had many lords, how would he solve a problem where both demanded his aid?

A

He usually if a liege lord who he owes his first loyalty

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5
Q

Many nobles began training in boyhood for a future occupation as a _________.
Ir mounted warrior

A

Knight

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6
Q

What happened to a boy at the age of 7?

A

Slated to become a night
Sent away to the castle of his father’s lord
Learned to ride and fight
Learned to keep his armor and weapons in good condition
Punishment was an angry blow or severe beating

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7
Q

Was screening for a new knight public or private?

A

Public

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8
Q

Describe the lords, monarchs and nobals stronger homes

A 
Stone castles
High walls
Towers
Drawbridges over wide moats
Knights who defended them, lived there's
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9
Q

What did the women do when their husband was off fighting?

A 
Supervised vassals
Managed household 
Preformed agricultural tasks
Medical tasks
Might go to war to defend estate 
Few took hand on politics
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10
Q

What did Eleanor of Aquitaine do?

A

Was leading force in European politics for more than 50 years

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11
Q

Land usually passed to the eldest _______________ in the family

A

Son

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12
Q

What did women inherit and when

A

Sometimes fiefs
Frequently received land as part of her dowry, and fierce marriage negotiations swirled around an unmarried or widowed heiress.

A widow retained her land

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13
Q

Before her planned marriage, a young woman was expected to know what?

A

How to spin and weave and how to supervise servants

Few learned to read and write

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14
Q

What was chivalry

A

A code of conduct which required knights to be brave, loyal, and true to their word
Dictated that knights protect the weak
If not always in practice, Placed women in a pedestal

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15
Q

Wandering musicians, sang about the deeds of Knights and their devotion to their lady loves

A

Troubadours

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16
Q

Heart of the feudal economy, lord’s estate

A

Manor

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17
Q

Most peasants were __________
Not slaves who could be bought and sold
Not free
Could not leave manor without lords permission

A

Serfs

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18
Q

What was the only way that medieval Christians showed their devotion to faith?

A

Pilgrimages

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19
Q

Most important achievement for church

A

Converting to Christianity in Western Europe

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20
Q

Who sent st. Augustine to convert the Anglo-Saxons in England

A

Pope Gregory 1

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21
Q

Sacred rites of the church

A

Sacraments

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22
Q

Christians believed that participation in the sacraments would what

A

Lead them to salvation, or everlasting life with God

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23
Q

Bible was in _______ only (language)

A

Latin

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24
Q

Church was often the largest public building in a village. T or F

A

True

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25
Q

Later built _______ churches instead of ________ wooden

A

Stone, wooden

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26
Q

What were pilgrimages

A

Religious journeys

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27
Q

Bishops managed what

A

Cathedrals, larger churches

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28
Q

Churches taught that women and men were _________ before God

But on earth, women were viewed as___________

A

Equal

Weak and easily led to sin

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29
Q

Some men and women withdrew from worldly life to the monastic life. They became ___________

A

Monks and nuns

30
Q

What did the monasteries and cove ta do vote their entire lives to

A

Spiritual goal

31
Q

A monk who organized the monastery of Monte Cassini in central Italy
Created rules to regulate monastic life

A

Benedict

32
Q

Rules that regulated monastic life

A

Benedictine rule

33
Q

What were the tree vows of the Benedictine rule

A
  1. Obedience to the abbot or abbess who headed the monastery or convent
  2. Poverty
  3. Chastity or purity
34
Q

What did monasteries and convents do

A

Provided basic health and education service
Looked after the poor and sick and set up schools for children
Have food and lodging to travelers
Kept learning alive with libraries

35
Q

Some monks and nuns became what and did what

A

Missionaries and spread Christianity

36
Q

Women could not become priests, but the did enter ___

A

Convents

37
Q

Who composed religious music and wrote books on many subjects and popes and rulers sought her advice

A

Abbess Hildergard of Bingen

38
Q

Church heir archly carved what kind of position in Western Europe

A

Controlled the spiritual life of Christians

Geadually became the most powerful secular force in medieval Europe

39
Q

Meaning worldly

A

Secular

40
Q

Medieval popes eventually claimed _______

A

Papal supremacy, authority over all secular rulers including King and emperors

41
Q

To avoid tortures of hell, what would one have to do

A

To good works
Believe in Jesus as the son of God
Participate in the sacraments

42
Q

Canon laws

A

The church’s own body of laws

Governed many aspects of live (including wills, marriage, and morals)

43
Q

Anyone who disobeyed church law faced a range of penalties. The most severe and terrifying was

A

Excommunication

Could not receive the sacraments or a Christian burial which condemned them to hell for eternity

44
Q

An order excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving most sacraments and Christian burial

A

Interdict

45
Q

a powerful noble who opposed the church could face the

A

Interdict (an order excluding an entire town region, or kingdom from receiving most sacraments and Christian burial)

46
Q

Periods of temporary peach from church

A

Truce of God

47
Q

What traditions blended creating new civilization

A

Greco-Roman, Germanic and Christian

48
Q

Germanic tribes that conquered pats of Roman Empire

A

Goths, vandals, Saxons, and Frank’s

49
Q

What did Clovis do

A

Conquered former Roman prince of Gaul
Converted to Christianity
Gained people of Gauls support
Gained ally with pope

50
Q

Islam religion emerged in

A

Arabia

51
Q

Battle of tours

A

Muslims v Christians
Christians won
Hill
Muslims went no further

52
Q

Charlemagne was king of

A

The Franks

53
Q

Built empire across where

A

France Germany and Italy

54
Q

Who did he right

A

Muslims in Spain, Saxons in north, auors and slavs in east, and lamards in Italy

55
Q

Who asked Charlemagne for help

A

Leo III

56
Q

Missionaries converted many who to Christianity for Charlemagne

A

Saxons and Slavs

57
Q

What’s charlemagnes legacy he left behind

A

Extended Christian civilization
Blended Germanic, Rkman, and Christian traditions
Set up strong efficient govs

58
Q

New wave of nomadic people that settled in Hungary
Overran Europe Germany and parts of France and Italy
After 50’years pushed back to Hungary

A

Magyars

59
Q

What did Vikings do

A

Broke unity of Charlemagnes empire
Looting and burning communities along coasts and rivers of Europe
Set up short lived colony in North America
Opened trade routes
Mixed with local pop

60
Q

Women in churches

A

Church offered a view of the ideal woman in Mary, church believed was the modest and pure mother of Jesus.
Church tried to protect women by setting minimum age for marriage
Punish men for hurting wives
Yet church often punished women more harshly than men die similar offenses

61
Q

Relationship with Jews and Christians

A

In some parts of Europe, Christians and Jews lived side by side in relative peace
Christian communities taxed Jews heavily
Christians disliked Jews more as time went on
Blame Jews for anything
Little interaction
Soon Jews could not own land

62
Q

Middle class

A

Merchants, traders, artisans

63
Q

Merchants and bankers made profit for usury (lending money at interest) which was thought to be

A

Immoral

64
Q

Merchants and artisans formed associations called

A

Guilds

65
Q

Dominated town life
Passed laws
Levying taxes
Decided whether to spend funds to pave streets with cobblestones or make improvements

A

Merchant guilds

66
Q

Artisan guilds

A

Organized craft guilds

67
Q

Each guild represented workers in one

A

Occupation

68
Q

Alcuin

A

Poet, teacher, went to charlemagnes school, introduced traditions of Anglo-Saxon; knew Charlemagne

69
Q

Conquered Gaul

A

Clovis

70
Q

Leif erikson

A

Viking
Scandinavia
Discovered America in 1000s
Made temporary civilizatio

71
Q

Europe’s natural resources

A

Soil, timber, lumber

Honors Global (10 decks)

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