Europe

Question 0

Charlemagne (SHAHR • luh • MAYN), or Charles the Great.

Answer 0

To uphold his laws, he set up courts throughout the empire. Nobles called counts ran the courts.

advocate of education
Started a school in royal palace

Question 1

fjords (fee • AWRDS),

Answer 1

or steep-sided valleys that are inlets of the sea.

Question 2

Charles Martel (mahr • TEHL).

Answer 2

He wanted to unite all the Frankish nobles under his rule

Question 3

King Clovis (KLOH•vuhs)

Answer 3

of the Franks became a Catholic. This won him the sup- port of the Romans living in his kingdom. Before long, nearly all of the Franks became Catholic.

Question 4

missionaries (MIH • shuh • NEHR • eez)—

Answer 4

people who are sent out to teach their religion.

Question 5

Gregory VII

Answer 5

was elected pope. He wanted to stop nobles and kings from interfering in Church affairs

Question 6

Henry IV,

Answer 6

Henry refused to obey Gregory. He declared that Gregory was no longer pope. Gregory then stated that Henry was no longer emperor. He excommunicated (EHK • skuh • MYOO • nuh • KAY • tuhd) Henry.
Henry asked for forgiveness, after forgiven,
Germans still chose a new king, when Gregory made the king the emperor Henry went to war, conquering Rome, naming a new pope.

Question 7

excommunicated

Answer 7

to exclude a person from church membership

Question 8

concordat (kuhn• KAWR • DAT)

Answer 8

is an agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country.

Question 9

A.D. 962. Otto’s territory, which included most of Germany and northern Italy, became known as the

Answer 9

Holy Roman Empire

Question 10

Charlemagne made this the capital of his empire.

Answer 10

Aachen (AH • kuhn)

Question 11

Geography

Answer 11

The seas and rivers provided safety as well as opportunities for trade (fishing too)

The mountains, like the rivers, made it difficult for one group to rule all of Europe and encouraged the development of independent kingdoms