Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

What are the three components of the cell theory?

Answer 1

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cells are the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms.
3. All cells come from preeexsisting cells.

Question 2

State the definition for eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells made up multi-cellular organisms such as plants and animals. They are complex cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria).

Question 3

What can be found in the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 3

1. Plasma membrane
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Mitochondria
4. Vesicles
5. Ribosomes
6. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
7. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
8. Lysosomes
9. Cytoplasm
10. Nucleus
11. Nucleolus

Question 4

Explain the function of the nucleus?

Answer 4

1. DNA carries the genetic code for protein synthesis (e.g., for making enzymes and other proteins used in the chemical reactions of photosynthesis)
2. Controls the activities of the cell
3. Contains genetic information that can be transmitted to the next generation

Question 5

Explain the function of nucleolus?

Answer 5

Produces RNA and ribosomes needed for protein synthesis.

Question 6

What is DNA?

Answer 6

DNA is a material of heredity. DNA associated with histone protein molecules forms the chromatin of the non-dividing cell.

Question 7

Explain the structure of nucleus?

Answer 7

Nucleus contain nucleolus, nucleoplasm, nuclear pore, muclear envelope, granular and condensed chromatin.

Question 8

Explain the function of nuclear envelope?

Answer 8

Maintain the shape of the nucleus and assists in regulating the flow of molecules into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Question 9

Explain the function and difference between condensed and granular chromatin?

Answer 9

Granular chromatin is the appearance of the hereditary material in non-dividing cells.
Colied and condensed chromatin forms distinctive thread-like chromosomes during cell division.

Question 10

Explain the function of Rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

Only this type of ER contains ribosomes.
Protein transport.

Question 11

Explain the function of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

Makes and transport lipids and steroid hormones.

Question 12

Explain the function of golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

Processes and modofies proteins (e.g., adds sugars and then packages them into vesicles for transport).
Lysosome formation and secretion.

Question 13

Explain the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 13

They are involved in protein synthesis-move along the molecules of mRNA and read the nucleotide code to produce proteins.

Question 14

Explain the function of mitochodria?

Answer 14

Produce ATP which releases energy.
Carry out aerobic respiration.

Question 15

Explain the function of lysosomes?

Answer 15

Contain hydrolytic, digestive enzymes to breakdown organelles, ingested material and old cells.

Question 16

Explain the function of centriolles?

Answer 16

Cell division in ANIMAL cell only.

Question 17

Explain the structure of chloroplasts?

Answer 17

Contain chrolophyll- a green pigment that absorbs light needed for photosynthesis. Converts glucose to energy needed for photosynthesis.

Question 18

Explain the function of vacuole?

Answer 18

A membrane bound organelle that stores cell sap.

Question 19

Explain the function of tonoplast?

Answer 19

Membrane of the vacuole. Keep the vacuole protective by bringing in protons.

Question 20

Explain the structure of amyloplats?

Answer 20

Plastids that produce and store starch within the internal membrane compartments. PLANT cell only.

Question 21

Explain the function of plasmodemata?

Answer 21

Allows nutritients and certain materials to pass between the interconnected pores between the cells.

Question 22

Explain the function of cell wall?

Answer 22

A structure made up of cellulose that gives a cell a rigid shape.