eukaryotic cells Flashcards
What are the structures in a eukaryotic cell?
cell-surface membrane
nucleus (containing chromosomes, consisting of protein-bound, linear DNA, and one or more nucleoli)
mitochondria
chloroplasts (in plants and algae)
Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles
lysosomes
ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
cell wall (in plants, algae and fungi)
cell vacuole (in plants
MEMORISE
In complex multicellular organisms, eukaryotic cells become specialised for specific functions. Specialised cells are organised into tissues, tissues into organs and organs into systems.
What is the function of the cell surface membrane?
Regulates substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
A double membrane called the envelope containing ~3000 nuclear pores
that enables molecules to enter and leave. It also contains chromatin and a nucleolus
which is the site of ribosome production. A granular jelly like material called
nucleoplasm makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
What is the function of mitochondria?
oval shaped, bound by a double membrane called the envelope. The
inner membrane is folded to form projections called cristae with a matrix on the inside
containing all the enzymes needed for respiration.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are unique to plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds such as sugars
Contain the thylakoid membrane , granum , outer membrane and the stroma .
What is the function of golgi apparatus and golgi vesicles?
A series of fluid filled, flattened & curved sacs with vesicles
surrounding the edges. Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins and lipids. It
also produces lysosomes.
What are lysosomes?
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes bound by a single membrane.
(a membrane-bound organelle that releases hydrolytic enzymes)
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum ?
A system of membrane bound sacs. SER produces and
processes lipids.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum ?
A series of flattened sacs enclosed by a membrane with
ribosomes on the surface. RER folds and processes proteins made on the ribosomes.
What are ribosomes ?
Composed of two subunits and are the site of protein production.
What is the cell wall?
In plants algae fungi and some bacteria- provides support and protection to cells.
What is the cell vacuole ?
The vacuole is a fluid filled sac bound by a single membrane . It can serve as a temporary store, for waste or food, and can also contain hydrolytic enzymes
