Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Cytoskeleton

Answer 1

Cell organelles are held in specific positions by the cytoskeleton.

Contains: intermediate filaments
Microtubules(Tubulin)
Microfilaments (actin)

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

PLANT- cell wall = cellulose
Middle lamelle= thin boundary between cell walls (cement)

FUNGI- cell wall =chitin

ALGAE- cell wall is cellulose or glycoproteins or a mix of both

Question 3

Chloroplasts

Answer 3

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

THYLAKOIDS- contains chlorophyll, absorb light for light phase of photosynthesis.

GRANA- stack of up to 100 thylakoids that create a large surface area to absorb sunlight.

STROMA - fluid filled cavity where light dependent stage of Photosynthesis takes place. Contains starch, grains, enzymes and ribosomes.

Question 4

Golgi Body

Answer 4

The “Sorting Office”- directs molecules to where they are needed in cell.

Adds carbs to proteins and lipids—> form glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Forms Lysosomes containing Lysozyme for digesting worn out organelles.

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Site of protein synthesis

Can be free in cytoplasm or associated with the RER.

Made of two subunits(large, small) + containing protein and ribosomal RNA .

Larger 80s in eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Carry out aerobic respiration. Manufacture ATP( molecule needed for energy)

CRISTAE - generate a large surface area for the proteins needed in respiration.

MATRIX- contains ribosomes and bio molecules needed in respiration.

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

RER - synthesises and transports proteins. Has ribosomes.

SER- synthesises and transports lipids and carbs. NO ribosomes.

Question 8

Nucleus(4)

Answer 8

Control centre of cell - crucial for protein synthesis,

Contains genetic material, chromatin(DNA and histone proteins)

NUCLEOLUS - manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes.

NUCLEAR PORES - allow molecules in and out of cell.