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Biology- Mrs Brooks > Biological Molecules Definitions > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Definitions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

Molecule that acts as energy currency of cells. Formed from a molecule of ribose, molecule of adenine, 3 phosphsate groups.

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2
Q

Amino Acid

A

Monomers containing an amino group(NH2), a carboxyl group(COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins.

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3
Q

Benedict’s test

A

A biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars.
Add same vol of benedicts to vol of solution, heat above 90, colour change(blue, green, yellow, orange, red)

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4
Q

Biuret test

A

A biochemical test that produces a purple solution in presence of a protein.
Add biuret solution to food sample. Positive test shows colour change from blue to lilac/purple.

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5
Q

Cellulose

A

A polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to to plant cell walls.

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6
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.

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7
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Info storing molecule made up of deoxyribonucleic monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix.

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8
Q

Dipeptide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of two amino acids.

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9
Q

Disaccharide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.DN

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10
Q

DNA helicase

A

An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated.

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11
Q

DNA plymerase

A

An enzyme that catalyses the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand.

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12
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of reaction.

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13
Q

Glycogen

A

A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals.

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14
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation recation.

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15
Q

Heat Capacity

A

Amount of energy needed to raise the temp of a substance by a specific amount.

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16
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving use of a water molecule.

17
Q

Induced-fit model

A

A model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle changes to better fit the substrate.

18
Q

Iodine test

A

Test the presence of starch
Add iodine to sample, if starch present, blue-black colour oberved

19
Q

Lactose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule.

20
Q

Latent heat

A

The amount of energy needed for a substance to change state.

21
Q

Lipid emulsion test

A

Lipid test
Add ethanol/alcohol to sample
Add water
Shake
White emulsion is a positive result

22
Q

Maltose

A

A disaccharide formed by formation of two glucose molecules.

23
Q

Metabolite

A

A molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions.

24
Q

Monomers

A

The smaller units from which large molecules are made

25
Q

Monosaccharide

A

The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.

26
Q

Phospholipid

A

A type of liquid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two molecules of fatty acid and a phosphate group.

27
Q

Polymers

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.

28
Q

Polypeptide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids.

29
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides

30
Q

Primary Structure

A

The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein

31
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains

32
Q

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

A relatively short molecule made up of ribonucleic monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds.

33
Q

Secondary structure

A

The local interactions of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain

34
Q

Semi conservative replication

A

The production of two daughter DNA molecules from one DNA molecule which both contain one original DNA strand and one newly synthesised strand.

35
Q

Solvent

A

A substance which other solutes are dissolved in.

36
Q

Starch

A

A polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants.

37
Q

Sucrose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.

38
Q

Tertiary structure

A

The way that the whole protein folds to make a three dimensional structure.

39
Q

Triglyceride

A

A type of liquid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

Biology- Mrs Brooks (3 decks)

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