Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Plant cell structure

Answer 1

• cell walls with plasmodesmata ( channels for exchanging substances)
• chloroplasts
• vacuole (makes cell turgid)

Question 2

Algal cells

Answer 2

Have all the features of plant cells ( cell wall + chloroplasts)

Question 3

Fungal cells

Answer 3

• Cell wall made up of chitin

* no chloplasts

Question 4

Cell surface (plasma) membrane description

Answer 4

•made up of proteins and lipids

Question 5

Cell surface (plasma) membrane function

Answer 5

• regulates movement of substances in and out of cell

* receptors respond to chemicals e.g. hormones

Question 6

Nucleus description

Answer 6

• nuclear envelope ( double membrane ) with pores

* chromosomes made up of protein bound linear DNA

Question 7

Nucleus function

Answer 7

• controls activities(transcription of DNA), DNA contains info on how to build proteins
• nucleolus makes ribosomes
• nuclear pores control what goes in and out

Question 8

Mitochondria descripton

Answer 8

• double membrane, inner membrane folded to make cristae

* matrix has enzymes for respiration

Question 9

Mitochondria function

Answer 9

•site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced

Question 10

Chloroplasts description

Answer 10

• flattened structure
• double membrane, more thylakoid membranes inside, which are stacked to form a grana
• each grana is linked by a lamellae ( made from thylakoid membrane)

Question 11

Chloroplasts function

Answer 11

•site of photosynthesis ( some happens in the grana and some in the stroma)

Question 12

Golgi apparatus description

Answer 12

Group of fluid filled membrane bound sacs, often with vesicles branching off

Question 13

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 13

•process + package new lipids and proteins

makes lysosomes

Question 14

Golgi vesicle description

Answer 14

fluid filled sac produced by the Golgi

Question 15

Golgi vesicle function

Answer 15

stores lipids and proteins and transported out of the cell membrane

Question 16

Lysosome description

Answer 16

type of Golgi, no clear internal structure and round membrane

Question 17

lysosome function

Answer 17

Contain digestive enzymes known as lysozymes, used to digest invading cells and break down worn out components of the cell

Question 18

Ribosome description

Answer 18

• no membrane
• produced using protein and RNA
• Found on the rough ER and cytoplasm

Question 19

Ribosome function

Answer 19

• where proteins are made

Question 20

Rough ER description

Answer 20

•covered in ribosomes and in fluid filled space.

Question 21

Rough ER function

Answer 21

folds and process proteins made in the ribosomes

Question 22

Smooth ER description

Answer 22

Similar to rough ER but no ribosomes

Question 23

Smooth ER function

Answer 23

synthesis and processing of lipids

Question 24

Cell wall

Answer 24

• rigid structure

* made of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungal