3.1.2.2 Carbohydrates

Question 1

name 3 monosaccharides

Answer 1

• fructose
• glucose
• galactose

Question 2

2 types of glucose

Answer 2

alpha and beta

Question 3

Isomers

Answer 3

molecules with the same molecular formula but different strcutures

Question 4

Glyosidic bond

Answer 4

formed after a condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides

Question 5

Glucose + glucose

Answer 5

maltose + water

Question 6

glucose + fructose

Answer 6

sucrose + water

Question 7

glucose + galactose

Answer 7

lactose + water

Question 8

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 8

breaks the chemical bond between monomers by adding a water molecule

Question 9

Polysaccharide

Answer 9

formed when more than 2 monosaccharides are joined by condensation

Question 10

3 types of polysaccharides

Answer 10

Glycogen, starch and cellulose

Question 11

what is starch a mixture of ?

Answer 11

2 polysaccharides of alpha glucose- amylose and amylopectin

Question 12

amylose

Answer 12

• angles of the glyosidic bond give it a coiled structure

* making it compact, more can be stored a smaller space

Question 13

amylopectin

Answer 13

• long and branched chain
• the branches allow for enzymes that break it down to reach the glyosidic bonds easily
• can be released quickly

Question 14

why is insolubility of starch ideal?

Answer 14

• wont affect water potential

* could case water to draw in by osmosis, making the cell swell up

Question 15

Test for starch

Answer 15

Iodine, will turn from brown-orange to blue black if starch is present
•you will need to add iodine dissolved in potassium iodide solution.

Question 16

Glycogen

Answer 16

• main source of storage in animals
• alpha glucose
• similar to amylopectin although there a lot more branches, allowing enzymes to release energy quickly
• very compact

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

• linear chains and branch made of beta glucose

* cellulose chains linked by hydrogen bonds to form microfibril structures, providing structural support