Eukaryotic cell structure Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms, such as animals, plants and fungi. There structure is much more complex
What are the cell components of a eukaryotic animal cell?
*membrane
*Ribosome
*lysosome
*Nucleus
*Nucleolus
*Golgi apparatus
*cytoplasm
*Centriole
*Rough endoplasmic reticulum
*smooth endoplasmic reticulum
*Mitochondria
*vesicles
*cytoskeleton
*Flagellla and cilia
What does the nucleus contain?
What does the DNA do in the Nucleus?
The DNA directs the synthesis of all proteins required by the cell. The DNA controls the metabolic activities of the cell (as many of the proteins and enzymes are used for the metabolic process).
What does the Nucleolus produce?
Ribosomes
What is the Nucleolus made from?
The Nucleolus is made from proteins and RNA
What is RNA used for in the Nucleolus?
RNA is used for to produce ribosomal which is then combined with proteins to form the ribosomes necessary for protein synthesis.
Describe the structure of Mitochondria
The inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae. Cristae contain enzymes used in aerobic respiration. The flued interior is called the matrix. Mitochondria contain a small amount of DNA called mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria can produce there own enzymes and reproduce themselves.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWNc9sE5Jpg
What do the Mitochondria do?
Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration. The energy stored in the bonds of complex, organic molecules is made available for the cell to use by the production of molecular ATP.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWNc9sE5Jpg
What is the amount of Mitochondria in a cell determined by?
The amount of energy the cell needs 🏃🏻
What are vesicles?
Vesicles are membranous sacs that store and transport material inside cells
(9: 10)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPKvHrD1eS4
(3: 10)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8
What are vesicles made of?
Vesicles are made from a single membrane with fluid inside (very simple organelle)
What are Lysomes?
Lysomes are specialised forms of Vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes.
(6:45)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj8dDTHGJBY
What do Lysomes do?
Lysomes break down waste materials in cells, including old organelles. They break down pathogens ingested by phagocytise cells. They also play a role in programmed cell death or apoptosis.
(6:45)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj8dDTHGJBY
What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of protien fibres
What does the cytoskeleton do?
The cytoskeleton holds organelles in place, is responsible for the stability of the cell. It also controls the cells movement, and the movement of organelles within the cell. It also determines the shape of the cell.
What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?
- Microfilaments
- Microtubules
- Intermediate fibres
What are microfilaments?
Fibres formed from the protein actin that are capable of contraction. They are responsible for cell movement (via treadmilling) and also cell contraction during cytokinesis; the process were the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell devices to form two daughter cells.
What are microtubules?
- The shape of the cell is determined when globular tubulin proteins polymerise to form tubes that are used to form a scaffold like structure.
- they also act like tracks for the movement of organelles around the cell.
- spindle fibres are composed of microtubules, and physically split chromosomes during cell division.
What are intermediate fibres?
Intermediate fibres give mechanical strength to cells and help to maintain their integrity (true form)
What are Centrioles made from?
Centrioles are composed of microtubules
What are Centrioles?
Centrioles are a component of the cytoskeleton present in most eukaryotic cells (but not flowering plants or most fungi).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fkOo9S2ikk
Drawer and label a eukaryotic cell
Check page 27
Were is the Nuceolus located?
Within the nucleus
