Eukaryotic Cell biology

Question 1

Organisms can consist of how many cells?

Answer 1

One cell being unicellular or multiple cells being multicellular organisms

Question 2

Are all cells the same

Answer 2

No the types of cells can vary throughout an organism

Question 3

What is the main way to differentiate between cells? What is the main difference between them?

Answer 3

Categorising them as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Eukaryotes contain membrane bound organelles, most notably the nucleus which contains the DNA of the cell.

Question 4

How many cells do eukaryotes generally consist of?

Answer 4

Multiple cells being called a multicellular organism

Question 5

What do eukaryotes generally need?

Answer 5

Oxygen for metabolism, which is essential for their survival.

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

Encloses the cell, keeping it intact. Made up of a phospholipid bilayer that is amphipathic, having hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. It regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable.

Question 7

What else is embedded in the PM?

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

What is difference between PM membrane and organelle membrane?

Answer 8

Degree of folding

Question 9

What is the nucleus

Answer 9

Control centre of the cell, contains the genetic info.

Question 10

Explain nucleus structure

Answer 10

Nucleus = nuclear membrane with nuclear pores. Inner nucleus membrane is KA nucleolus.

Question 11

RER

Answer 11

Endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. Site of protein synthesis, protein folding, the transportation of proteins and further protein modification.

Question 12

SER

Answer 12

Isn’t studded with ribosomes. Site of steroid and lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, drug detoxification and calcium concentration regulation.

Question 13

Golgi complex

Answer 13

Stack of flattened membranous sacs. Responsible for packaging newly synthesised proteins in small membrane enclosed vesicles either used in the cell of exported out of a cell via exocytosis.

Question 14

Lysosome

Answer 14

digesting food or cellular invaders, recycling of cellular components and cell suicide.

Question 15

Main concept about lysosomes

Answer 15

Not in plant cells but vacuole in plant cells have a similar role in the cellular functioning.

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Powerhouse of the cell generating ATP which is necessary for cellular functioning. In both plant and animal cells. Has a role in signalling, differentiation and cell death.

Question 17

What is an important part about mitochondria

Answer 17

Maternal DNA

Question 18

Cytoskeleton

Answer 18

Provides structure to a cell, being capable of adjusting its structure to account or the changing structure of the cell. Three types include:

• mictrofilaments e.g. actin
• Microfilaments e.g. Alpha-Beta Tubulin Dimer
• Intermediate filaments

Question 19

Microfilaments

Answer 19

Responsible for providing structural support and cell movement

Question 20

Microtubules

Answer 20

Localization and transport, in addition to cell division.

Question 21

Intermediate filaments

Answer 21

Provide mechanical stability to the PM + nuclear membranes, + cell-to-cell interaction.

Question 22

Three unique components of plant cells include

Answer 22

• Vacuole
• Chloroplast
• Cell wall

Question 23

Chloroplast

Answer 23

Solar panel of the cell, responsible for capturing light and convertig it into ATP and NADPH. These are organic molecules derived from CO2 and H2O

Question 24

Cell Wall

Answer 24

Provides structural support and protection to a plant cell. It adds additional strength to plants, esp. woody plants.

Question 25

Central vacuole

Answer 25

Isolates harmful material, exporting them out of the cell. It maintains hydrostatic pressure within the cell and keeps the pH acidic. We say it controls a cells turgor pressure.